Measurement in Engineering and Science

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Questions and Answers

What is Charles's Law primarily concerned with?

The relationship between volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure (correct)

The relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas

The relationship between pressure and volume of a gas

The relationship between mass and volume of a gas

Which requirement is NOT necessary for a standard unit?

It should be universally accepted.

It must be expensive to reproduce. (correct)

It should be easy to compare with other units.

It must be defined without ambiguity.

Which of the following is a key reason for accurate measurements in engineering?

To predict physical quantities accurately (correct)

To enhance the marketing strategies

To decrease the production cost

To ensure aesthetic appeal of the product

In which scenario would the effective capacitance calculated by formula not agree with experimental results?

If measurement errors occur during experiments Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of a system of units?

There should be a fundamental relationship among units. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to the volume of a gas if the absolute temperature is decreased at constant pressure?

The volume decreases. Signup and view all the answers

When measuring physical quantities in engineering, what is an important factor besides precision?

Quality assurance of products Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about units of physical quantities is correct?

Units should be reproducible and invariable over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of measurement in engineering and science?

To determine if products meet required specifications. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a system of units mentioned?

USCS Signup and view all the answers

What does absolute error represent in measurement?

The difference between the measured and the true value. Signup and view all the answers

Why is accuracy in measurement crucial?

It allows for better communication in engineering and science. Signup and view all the answers

Which device would typically provide the least count in measurement?

Vernier caliper Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately explains significant figures?

They reflect the precision of a measurement. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of measurement, what does 'least count' refer to?

The smallest value that can be measured accurately. Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement method is primarily used to define physical quantities in relation to standards?

Standardized comparison Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Need of Measurement in Engineering and Science

Measurement in engineering and science is crucial for quality assurance and communication between professionals.
It ensures that products meet specifications and allows for consistent and accurate comparisons.
Accurate measurements are essential for predicting physical quantities, verifying laws, and developing engineering projects.

1.1 Unit of Physical Quantity

A unit is a standard used for measuring a physical quantity.
It helps define a quantity's magnitude by comparing it to a standard.
For example, "1.5 m" indicates a length that is 1.5 times the standard unit of measurement, the meter.
For a unit to be considered standard, it must meet several requirements:
- Universally accepted: Accepted by all for consistent measurement.
- Unambiguous: Clearly defined to avoid misunderstanding.
- Reproducible: Easily recreated for consistent measurement.
- Divisible and Multiplicable: Can be easily divided or multiplied to create larger or smaller units.
- Invariable: Does not change over time or location.
- Easily comparable: Can be readily compared to other units.

1.1.3 Systems of Units

Different systems of units were used historically, creating confusion.
Three main systems emerged:
- CGS: Centimeter-Gram-Second system.
- MKS: Meter-Kilogram-Second system.
- SI: International System of Units.

Fundamental and Derived Quantities

Physical quantities can be divided into two categories:
- Fundamental Quantities: Independent quantities that form the basis for others. Examples include length, mass, and time.
- Derived Quantities: Quantities derived from fundamental quantities. Examples include velocity (derived from length and time), density (derived from mass and volume).

Least Count and Range of Instruments

Each measuring instrument has a least count: The smallest value it can measure.
The range of an instrument is the difference between its highest and lowest measurable values.
Instruments like vernier calipers, micrometer screw gauges, and sphereometers have specific least counts determined by their design and construction.

Accuracy, Precision, and Error

Accuracy: How close a measured value is to the true value.
Precision: How consistent a series of measurements are with each other.
Error: The difference between the measured value and the true value.

Types of Errors

Absolute Error: The difference between the measured value and the true value.
Relative Error: The absolute error divided by the true value.
Percentage Error: The relative error multiplied by 100%.

Significant Figures

Significant figures: Digits in a measurement that reflect the true precision of the value.
Rules are used to determine which digits are significant.
Significant figures help express the uncertainty associated with a measurement.

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Description

This quiz explores the essential concepts of measurement in engineering and science. Participants will learn about the importance of measurement for quality assurance, communication, and accuracy in various professional fields. Key topics include units of physical quantities and the criteria for standard measurements.