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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of using null methods of measurement?
What is the approach in indirect measurement methods?
What is the purpose of null methods of measurement?
How does indirect measurement work in the context of eliminating bacteria from a fluid?
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In what way do comparison methods differ from null methods in measurement?
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Why are indirect measurement methods preferred for difficult-to-measure parameters?
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What is the primary purpose of measurement?
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What is a standard in the context of measurement?
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What is a measuring instrument?
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In direct measurement methods, how is the unknown quantity measured?
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What is the purpose of the deflection method?
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What are the different types of comparison methods mentioned in the text?
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Study Notes
Measurement Basics
- Measurement is a quantitative comparison between a given quantity and a standard unit of the same kind.
- The result of measurement is expressed by a pointer deflection over a predefined scale or a number representing the ratio between the unknown quantity and the standard.
- A standard is defined as the physical personification of the unit of measurement or its submultiple or multiple values.
Direct Measurement Methods
- Direct measurement methods involve measuring the unknown quantity directly without comparing it with a standard.
- Examples include measurement of weight by a balance, measurement of resistance, capacitance, and inductance by bridge circuits.
Comparison Methods
- Comparison methods involve direct comparison of the unknown quantity with a standard of the same kind.
- Examples include measurement of e.m.f by comparison with the e.m.f of a standard cell.
Null Method
- In the null method, the action of the unknown quantity upon the instrument is reduced to zero by the counter action of a known quantity of the same kind.
Differential Method
- In the differential method, the quantity to be measured is compared with a known quantity and the difference between these two is made zero.
Indirect Measurement Methods
- Indirect measurement methods involve comparing the unknown quantity with a standard using a calibrated system.
- These methods are used when the desired parameter to be measured is difficult to measure directly, but has a relation with another parameter that can be easily measured.
- Example: measuring bacteria elimination by measuring the temperature of the fluid, as the elimination is directly dependent upon the temperature.
Deflection Method
- In the deflection method, the value of the unknown quantity is directly indicated by the deflection of a pointer on a calibrated scale.
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Description
Test your knowledge on measurement, standard units, and devices used for comparison. Understand the concept of expressing measurement results via pointer deflection or numerical ratios.
