Measurement and Perimeter Basics

Units of Measurement

• Length is a one-dimensional measurement of part of an object. Distance is the space between objects.
• The standard unit of length/distance in the metric system is the metre.
• Other common units include kilometre, centimetre, and millimetre.
• Units for measuring length: millimetre (mm), centimetre (cm), metre (m), kilometre (km).
• Units for measuring mass: gram (g), kilogram (kg), tonne (t).
• Units for measuring volume/capacity: millilitre (ml), centilitre (cl), litre (l).

Perimeter

• Perimeter (P) is the distance around the outside of a two-dimensional, closed shape.
• All units must be the same when calculating perimeter.
• Sides with the same markings (dashes) are equal in length.
• These markings are called tick marks or hatch marks.

Composite Shapes

• A composite (compound) shape is made up of two or more basic shapes.
• It can be broken down into these basic shapes to support calculations.

Calculating Circle Measurements

• A circle represents all points equidistant from a center point.
• Radius: The length from the center to the edge of the circle.
• Diameter: The distance across the center of the circle.
• Circumference: The perimeter of a circle.
• Pi (π): A non-repeating decimal used to relate the diameter and circumference of a circle. Common approximations include 3.14159 (5 decimal places) or 3.14 (2 decimal places) or 22/7.

Calculating Area

• Area describes the number of unit squares that fit inside a shape.
• Area calculations use formulas based on the shape.
• If measurements are in centimetres, the area is calculated in cm².
• If measurements are in metres, the area is calculated in m².
• If measurements are in millimetres, the area is calculated in mm².

Basic Shapes: Rectangle, Parallelogram, Triangle

• Rectangles: Area = length x width (L x W).
• Parallelograms: Area = base x height (b x h).
• Triangles: Area = (base x height) / 2 (bh/2).

3D Shapes

• Pyramids have triangular sides that meet at a vertex. The shape on the base gives the pyramid its name.
• Prisms have rectangular sides and the shape is the same all throughout.
• Isometric paper or grid paper supports accurate 3D drawings.
• 2D representations of each view of the solid can be drawn, including the side, front, and top views.
• Nets are complete 2D representations created by unfolding a solid and laying each face flat.
• Volume describes the amount of 3D space occupied by a substance or object.
• The volume of a rectangular prism/cuboid: V = length x width x height (L x W x H).
• The volume of a triangular prism: V = area of base x depth(A x depth) . The area of the triangular base is calculated by: A = (base x height) / 2 (bh/2).

Explore the fundamental concepts of units of measurement including length, mass, and volume as well as perimeter calculations. This quiz also covers composite shapes and circle measurements. Test your understanding of these essential mathematical principles!