Semester 2 Exam Review

They would need to formulate a hypothesis for a type of food they think is preferred. 2. They would need to identify the variables (Independent: Types of food, Dependent: how much food is eaten/preferred) 3. Collect the data in a controlled environment 4. Communicate the results and revise the hypothesis if needed

Replication is when another scientist repeats the same experiment that another first did. Repeition is when there are multiple trials of the same experiment done by the same scientist.

It provides an evidence-based explanation for why and how evolution takes place

There is a fossil record of most of the horse ancestors. Most of what we know about ancient organisms comes from the fossil record. The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life and past environments on Earth. The fossil record also shows how different groups of organisms have changed over time. Each new discovery helps to fill holes in our understanding of evolution.

Darwin observed that some variations make individuals better adapted to their environment. Those individuals were more likely to survive and reproduce, and their offspring would inherit the helpful characteristic. The offspring, in turn, would be more likely to survive and reproduce and pass the characteristic to their offspring. After many generations, more members of the population would have the helpful characteristic resulting in natural selection

Genes are sections of DNA that make up a chromosome.

Genotype is the genetic makeup (letters) and phenotype is the appearance (what it looks like)

The parents have purple flowers. The probability that their offspring will have pink flowers is 25%.

The offspring’s genotype must be ff.

Asexual Reproduction: A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent is called asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction: In sexual reproduction, two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism which differs from both parents. Sexual reproduction involves an egg cell and a sperm cell joining to form a new cell in a process called fertilization.

Mitosis is a process of asexual reproduction and meiosis is a process of sexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction allows for more genetic variation. This could continue to help organisms evolve over time (natural selection) for traits that are more valued.

An interaction in which one organism kills another for food or nutrients is called predation. In this interaction, one organism is the predator (tiger shark) and the other is the prey (sea snake).

Sun: Producer Plant: Producer that provides energy to the other consumers Grasshopper: Primary consumer that gains energy from the plant and provides energy to other high level consumers Mouse: Secondary Consumer that gains energy from the plant and the grass hopper and provides energy to the snake and hawk Snake: Tertiary Consumer that gains energy from the mouse and provides energy to the hawk Hawk: Quaternary Consumer that gains energy from both the snake and the mouse

The snake and the owl because they both eat frogs.

Commensalism because the crab would benefit from the frogs scraps and the frog will not be affected by the crab in a positive or negative way.

She has a white fur phenotype and a genotype of bb.

Benefits: Shows the energy transfer between organisms, shows relationships in a large ecosystem

Limitations: Does not account for outsie factors, not to scale (Size and quantity of consumption)

The rabbit and wolf populations are inversely related. As the rabbit population decreases the wolf population increases. This may also indicate that the rabbits are a food source for the wolves.

His investigation is not a scientific experiment because he does not test and control variables.

length

He compares traits to other plants he knows.

Scientists contribute to scientific knowledge by conducting investigations and drawing conclusions.

When populations are very small, it is hard for a population to retain the genetic diversity required to adapt to a changing environment thus they become extinct.

In sexual reproduction, two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism which differs from both parents

GMOs are made by changing the original DNA so desired traits are expressed. Growing our food from seeds that have been genetically modified is highly controversial. Many people fear the impact it could have on human health and the environment in the future. Yet farmers are able to yield more product with GMO crops that are not eaten by pests or overcome by weeds. Scientists must balance sustaining a growing human population with safeguarding the environment.

A clone is an exact genetic copy of the parent.

An environmental factor that causes a population to stop growing or to decrease in size, such as a fatal disease infecting organisms, organisms, is a limiting factor. In this example the number of pistol shrimp because goby fish often lay their eggs in shrimp burrows. Other limiting factors in ecosystems include: Food, water, climate and weather, space and shelter.

The horse releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct of cellular respiration.