Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA in adrenergic neurotransmission?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA in adrenergic neurotransmission?
- Decarboxylase
- Tyrosine Hydroxylase (correct)
- COMT
- Dopamine hydroxylase
Which of the following is a direct-acting sympathomimetic drug that acts directly on adrenergic receptors?
Which of the following is a direct-acting sympathomimetic drug that acts directly on adrenergic receptors?
- Drugs that block the transport of NE into sympathetic neurons
- Drugs that release or displace NE from sympathetic terminals
- Mixed acting sympathomimetic drugs that indirectly release NE and directly activate receptors (correct)
- Drugs that block the metabolizing enzymes MAO or COMT
Which receptor is responsible for bronchodilation in the respiratory tract?
Which receptor is responsible for bronchodilation in the respiratory tract?
- b1
- b2 (correct)
- COMT
- a1
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction in the smooth muscle of blood vessels?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction in the smooth muscle of blood vessels?
What is the primary effect of sympathomimetics on the smooth muscle in the wall of the gut?
What is the primary effect of sympathomimetics on the smooth muscle in the wall of the gut?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for inducing lipolysis in adipocytes?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for inducing lipolysis in adipocytes?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for increasing heart rate and force of contraction?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for increasing heart rate and force of contraction?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of β2 agonists?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of β2 agonists?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of β3-selective agonists?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of β3-selective agonists?
In patients with lung disease, how can adverse effects of β2 agonists be minimized?
In patients with lung disease, how can adverse effects of β2 agonists be minimized?
Which of the following is a therapeutic application of dopamine?
Which of the following is a therapeutic application of dopamine?
Which of the following is a clinical effect of α1-selective adrenergic agonists?
Which of the following is a clinical effect of α1-selective adrenergic agonists?
Which of the following is a therapeutic application of metaraminol?
Which of the following is a therapeutic application of metaraminol?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of α2-selective adrenergic agonists?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of α2-selective adrenergic agonists?
Which one of the following is a therapeutic application of epinephrine?
Which one of the following is a therapeutic application of epinephrine?
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of epinephrine?
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of epinephrine?
Which one of the following is a characteristic of norepinephrine?
Which one of the following is a characteristic of norepinephrine?
Which one of the following is a dose-dependent effect of dopamine?
Which one of the following is a dose-dependent effect of dopamine?
Which of the following is the correct statement about the therapeutic applications of b2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AGONISTS?
Which of the following is the correct statement about the therapeutic applications of b2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AGONISTS?
What is the main effect of b2-SELECTIVE AGONISTS?
What is the main effect of b2-SELECTIVE AGONISTS?
What is the approximate percentage of b2 receptors in the human heart?
What is the approximate percentage of b2 receptors in the human heart?
What is the recommended use of Salmeterol and Formoterol for nocturnal asthma?
What is the recommended use of Salmeterol and Formoterol for nocturnal asthma?
Which one of these drugs is a centrally acting α2 agonist used for sedation under intensive care and during anesthesia?
Which one of these drugs is a centrally acting α2 agonist used for sedation under intensive care and during anesthesia?
Which one of these drugs is an α2 selective adrenergic agonist that is contraindicated in active hepatic disease and can be associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Which one of these drugs is an α2 selective adrenergic agonist that is contraindicated in active hepatic disease and can be associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Which one of these drugs is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic that stimulates heart rate and cardiac output, causes bronchodilation, and has been extensively promoted for weight control and boosting sports performance and energy?
Which one of these drugs is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic that stimulates heart rate and cardiac output, causes bronchodilation, and has been extensively promoted for weight control and boosting sports performance and energy?
Which one of these drugs is a synthetic catecholamine that potently stimulates both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors and is used for emergency stimulation of the heart and the rapid alleviation of an acute asthma attack when inhaled?
Which one of these drugs is a synthetic catecholamine that potently stimulates both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors and is used for emergency stimulation of the heart and the rapid alleviation of an acute asthma attack when inhaled?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in adrenergic neurotransmission?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in adrenergic neurotransmission?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasodilation in the vascular smooth muscle?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasodilation in the vascular smooth muscle?
What is the primary effect of sympathomimetics on the smooth muscle in the wall of the gut?
What is the primary effect of sympathomimetics on the smooth muscle in the wall of the gut?
Which one of the following is a therapeutic use of droxidopa?
Which one of the following is a therapeutic use of droxidopa?
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of norepinephrine?
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of norepinephrine?
Which one of the following is a characteristic of dopamine?
Which one of the following is a characteristic of dopamine?
Which one of the following is a therapeutic application of fenoldopam?
Which one of the following is a therapeutic application of fenoldopam?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction in the smooth muscle of blood vessels?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction in the smooth muscle of blood vessels?
What is the primary effect of sympathomimetics on the smooth muscle in the wall of the gut?
What is the primary effect of sympathomimetics on the smooth muscle in the wall of the gut?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of α2-selective adrenergic agonists?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of α2-selective adrenergic agonists?
Which of the following is a therapeutic application of metaraminol?
Which of the following is a therapeutic application of metaraminol?
Which drug is a centrally acting α2 agonist used for sedation under intensive care and during anesthesia?
Which drug is a centrally acting α2 agonist used for sedation under intensive care and during anesthesia?
Which drug is more selective for α2 receptors than clonidine and has a sustained-release form approved for the treatment of ADHD in children?
Which drug is more selective for α2 receptors than clonidine and has a sustained-release form approved for the treatment of ADHD in children?
Which drug is contraindicated in active hepatic disease and is the drug of choice for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy?
Which drug is contraindicated in active hepatic disease and is the drug of choice for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy?
Which drug is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic that stimulates heart rate and cardiac output, causes bronchodilation, and has been extensively promoted for weight control and boosting sports performance and energy?
Which drug is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic that stimulates heart rate and cardiac output, causes bronchodilation, and has been extensively promoted for weight control and boosting sports performance and energy?
Which of the following is a true statement about Salmeterol?
Which of the following is a true statement about Salmeterol?
What is the FDA-approved use of Arformoterol?
What is the FDA-approved use of Arformoterol?
Which of the following is a true statement about Indacaterol?
Which of the following is a true statement about Indacaterol?
What is the approved use of Mirabegron and Vibegron?
What is the approved use of Mirabegron and Vibegron?
Which one of the following drugs is a short-acting β2-selective agonist that is resistant to methylation by COMT and is used for the long-term treatment of COPD, asthma, and acute bronchospasm?
Which one of the following drugs is a short-acting β2-selective agonist that is resistant to methylation by COMT and is used for the long-term treatment of COPD, asthma, and acute bronchospasm?
Which one of the following drugs is an α2 selective adrenergic agonist that is contraindicated in active hepatic disease and can be associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Which one of the following drugs is an α2 selective adrenergic agonist that is contraindicated in active hepatic disease and can be associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Which one of the following drugs is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic that stimulates heart rate and cardiac output, causes bronchodilation, and has been extensively promoted for weight control and boosting sports performance and energy?
Which one of the following drugs is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic that stimulates heart rate and cardiac output, causes bronchodilation, and has been extensively promoted for weight control and boosting sports performance and energy?
Which one of the following drugs is a synthetic catecholamine that potently stimulates both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors and is used for emergency stimulation of the heart and the rapid alleviation of an acute asthma attack when inhaled?
Which one of the following drugs is a synthetic catecholamine that potently stimulates both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors and is used for emergency stimulation of the heart and the rapid alleviation of an acute asthma attack when inhaled?
Epinephrine is an agonist at both alpha and beta adrenoceptors.
Epinephrine is an agonist at both alpha and beta adrenoceptors.
Epinephrine has a low concentration predominantly activating beta1 and beta2 receptors.
Epinephrine has a low concentration predominantly activating beta1 and beta2 receptors.
Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction in the smooth muscle of blood vessels.
Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction in the smooth muscle of blood vessels.
Epinephrine is primarily used for the treatment of cardiac arrest.
Epinephrine is primarily used for the treatment of cardiac arrest.
True or false: Dopamine is converted to norepinephrine by the enzyme dopamine hydroxylase.
True or false: Dopamine is converted to norepinephrine by the enzyme dopamine hydroxylase.
True or false: Indirect-acting sympathomimetic drugs increase the availability of norepinephrine or epinephrine to stimulate adrenergic receptors.
True or false: Indirect-acting sympathomimetic drugs increase the availability of norepinephrine or epinephrine to stimulate adrenergic receptors.
True or false: Sympathomimetics have an inhibitory action on certain types of smooth muscle, such as the wall of the gut and the bronchial tree.
True or false: Sympathomimetics have an inhibitory action on certain types of smooth muscle, such as the wall of the gut and the bronchial tree.
True or false: Activation of postsynaptic α2 receptors in blood vessels results in vasodilation.
True or false: Activation of postsynaptic α2 receptors in blood vessels results in vasodilation.
True or false: Clonidine is more effective than apraclonidine for the treatment of glaucoma.
True or false: Clonidine is more effective than apraclonidine for the treatment of glaucoma.
True or false: Guanfacine has a higher incidence of withdrawal syndrome compared to clonidine.
True or false: Guanfacine has a higher incidence of withdrawal syndrome compared to clonidine.
True or false: Methyldopa is the drug of choice for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy.
True or false: Methyldopa is the drug of choice for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy.
Long-acting β2-selective agonists are suitable for monotherapy and acute attacks.
Long-acting β2-selective agonists are suitable for monotherapy and acute attacks.
Salmeterol has a longer duration of action than formoterol.
Salmeterol has a longer duration of action than formoterol.
Indacaterol has a faster onset of action than salmeterol.
Indacaterol has a faster onset of action than salmeterol.
Vilanterol is available in combination with umeclidinium in Europe.
Vilanterol is available in combination with umeclidinium in Europe.
True or false: Ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and pseudoephedrine can be used as precursors in the illicit manufacture of amphetamine and methamphetamine.
True or false: Ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and pseudoephedrine can be used as precursors in the illicit manufacture of amphetamine and methamphetamine.
True or false: Isoproterenol has a selective affinity for both α receptors and β receptors.
True or false: Isoproterenol has a selective affinity for both α receptors and β receptors.
True or false: Short-acting β2-selective agonists are resistant to methylation by COMT.
True or false: Short-acting β2-selective agonists are resistant to methylation by COMT.
True or false: Levalbuterol is the R-enantiomer of albuterol.
True or false: Levalbuterol is the R-enantiomer of albuterol.
True or false: Epinephrine can cause a fall in plasma K+ due to stimulation of K+ uptake into skeletal muscle (b2).
True or false: Epinephrine can cause a fall in plasma K+ due to stimulation of K+ uptake into skeletal muscle (b2).
True or false: Norepinephrine can cause vasodilation and lower blood pressure.
True or false: Norepinephrine can cause vasodilation and lower blood pressure.
True or false: Dopamine primarily acts on D1 dopaminergic receptors to induce vasodilation of renal, mesenteric, and coronary vasculature.
True or false: Dopamine primarily acts on D1 dopaminergic receptors to induce vasodilation of renal, mesenteric, and coronary vasculature.
True or false: α1-selective adrenergic agonists cause peripheral vascular resistance and bradycardia.
True or false: α1-selective adrenergic agonists cause peripheral vascular resistance and bradycardia.
Match the following enzymes with their function in adrenergic neurotransmission:
Match the following enzymes with their function in adrenergic neurotransmission:
Match the following systems with their response to sympathomimetic drugs:
Match the following systems with their response to sympathomimetic drugs:
Match the following actions with their effects due to sympathomimetics:
Match the following actions with their effects due to sympathomimetics:
Match the following long acting β2-selective agonists with their characteristics:
Match the following long acting β2-selective agonists with their characteristics:
Match the following β2 agonists with their administration method to minimize adverse effects in patients with lung disease:
Match the following β2 agonists with their administration method to minimize adverse effects in patients with lung disease:
Match the following β3-selective agonists with their approved use and side effects:
Match the following β3-selective agonists with their approved use and side effects:
Match the following β2-selective agonists with their approved combinations:
Match the following β2-selective agonists with their approved combinations:
Match the following drugs with their primary usage:
Match the following drugs with their primary usage:
Match the following drugs with their characteristics:
Match the following drugs with their characteristics:
Match the following drugs with their effects:
Match the following drugs with their effects:
Match the following drugs with their administration methods:
Match the following drugs with their administration methods:
Match the following drugs with their primary usage or characteristic:
Match the following drugs with their primary usage or characteristic:
Match the following adverse effects with the corresponding drug:
Match the following adverse effects with the corresponding drug:
Match the following drugs with their treatment applications:
Match the following drugs with their treatment applications:
Match the following drugs with their primary effects on the body:
Match the following drugs with their primary effects on the body:
Match the following receptors with their primary effects:
Match the following receptors with their primary effects:
Match the following receptors with their affinities for catecholamines:
Match the following receptors with their affinities for catecholamines:
Match the following properties of Catecholamines:
Match the following properties of Catecholamines:
Match the following effects of Epinephrine with their respective actions:
Match the following effects of Epinephrine with their respective actions:
Match the following adrenergic agonists with their primary effects:
Match the following adrenergic agonists with their primary effects:
Match the following drugs with their primary therapeutic uses:
Match the following drugs with their primary therapeutic uses:
Match the following adverse effects with the corresponding adrenergic agonists:
Match the following adverse effects with the corresponding adrenergic agonists:
Match the following adrenergic agonists with their receptor affinity:
Match the following adrenergic agonists with their receptor affinity:
