ME 380 Nature of Materials Quiz

The Bohr atomic model illustrates that electrons occupy discrete energy states within an atom.

Electrons tend to occupy the lowest available energy state.

The K-shell can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons.

<p>Electron configurations indicate how electrons fill energy levels, which influences an element's chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The L-shell has a principal quantum number of n = 2 and can accommodate a maximum of 8 electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 3d subshell is part of the M-shell (n = 3) and the 4s subshell is part of the N-shell (n = 4).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 3p subshell can hold a maximum of 6 electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron configurations help determine the placement and grouping of elements in the periodic table based on their chemical behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to predict the behavior of the material under force or heat determines the success of operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic/molecular structure influences material properties by determining electronic configuration and bonding characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantum mechanics helps explain that electron energies are quantized and that energy states are discrete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interatomic bonding types, such as ionic, covalent, and metallic, are significant because they dictate the physical and chemical properties of materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ordering of atoms and ions determines a material's type, affecting properties such as hardness and conductivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electronic configuration is important because it influences a material's electrical and optical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The properties of materials directly affect their suitability for specific manufacturing processes and determine the efficiency of those processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early atomic models assume that electrons revolve around the atomic nucleus in discrete orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonding occurs in molecules where hydrogen is covalently bonded to another atom, such as oxygen in water (H2O).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electrons in the hydrogen atom are aligned toward the other atom, creating a net positive charge on the opposite side that attracts electrons in neighboring molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms, while secondary bonding, including hydrogen bonding, occurs due to electrostatic interactions between molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds are commonly found in polar molecules, particularly those containing hydrogen atoms attached to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen and nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature affects the kinetic energy of molecules, influencing the strength and stability of hydrogen bonds, with higher temperatures generally weakening these bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During phase changes, hydrogen bonds can be broken when sufficient energy is provided, such as during boiling when liquid transitions to vapor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds give water its high boiling point, surface tension, and the ability to dissolve many substances, making it a universal solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary bonding, including hydrogen bonding, plays a crucial role in determining the physical properties and stability of polymers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ionic bond is formed between a metal and a nonmetal through the transfer of electrons, where the metal donates electrons and the nonmetal accepts them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In ionic bonding, a large difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is required, leading to the transfer of electrons from the metal to the nonmetal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In MgO, magnesium (Mg) donates two electrons to oxygen (O), resulting in Mg2+ and O2- ions that attract each other through ionic bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When magnesium forms the Mg2+ ion, it loses two electrons, resulting in a stable electron configuration of [Ne] 3s2 2p6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When oxygen gains two electrons, it becomes O2- with an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6, achieving a stable noble gas configuration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The attractive force in ionic bonding is generated by the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissimilar electronegativities refer to the significant difference in the ability of atoms to attract electrons, which is vital for the formation of ionic bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of ions are cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged), such as Mg2+ and O2- in magnesium oxide (MgO).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Point defects are irregularities at a single lattice point, while line defects involve disruptions along a line of atoms in the crystal structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defects are often introduced due to uneven cooling rates or impurities during the solidification process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intentionally introducing defects, such as alloying ingredients, can enhance specific properties like strength and corrosion resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main types of defects are point defects, line defects, and surface (interfacial) defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defects can facilitate plastic deformation by allowing dislocations to move more easily through the material.</p> Signup and view all the answers