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Questions and Answers
What year did the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in California exceed 1,000 MW?
What year did the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in California exceed 1,000 MW?
Which wind turbine type uses a drag system to generate power?
Which wind turbine type uses a drag system to generate power?
Which wind turbine was the first commercial variable-speed turbine developed in the US?
Which wind turbine was the first commercial variable-speed turbine developed in the US?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence site selection for wind turbine installations?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence site selection for wind turbine installations?
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What percentage of renewable energy used in the US was provided by wind power in 2013?
What percentage of renewable energy used in the US was provided by wind power in 2013?
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What is the approximate generation cost of electricity from wind, according to the content?
What is the approximate generation cost of electricity from wind, according to the content?
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Which of the following characteristics is NOT considered in the site selection process for wind turbines?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT considered in the site selection process for wind turbines?
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What is a primary characteristic of wind energy?
What is a primary characteristic of wind energy?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of wind energy?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of wind energy?
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What significant event occurred in the late 1880s related to wind energy?
What significant event occurred in the late 1880s related to wind energy?
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In what period were the first windmills developed?
In what period were the first windmills developed?
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Which of the following statements about wind energy is true?
Which of the following statements about wind energy is true?
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Who conducted wind experiments in the late 1800s?
Who conducted wind experiments in the late 1800s?
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What factor contributes to wind energy being considered reliable?
What factor contributes to wind energy being considered reliable?
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What was the significance of the year 1941 in the history of wind energy?
What was the significance of the year 1941 in the history of wind energy?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Wind Energy Systems
- Course: MECE3260U - Introduction to Energy Systems
- Topic: Wind Energy Systems
- Instructor: Dr. Ibrahim Dincer, Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Outline
- Introduction
- Wind patterns and history
- Global wind power, capacities, and market sizes
- Classification of wind turbines
- Advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines
- Analysis of wind energy systems
- Case study
- Closing remarks
Why Wind Power?
- Renewable
- Environmentally benign and sustainable
- Efficient
- Cost-effective and commercially viable
- Reliable with availability in multiple capacities
- Diverse applications, including onshore and offshore options
Wind Installations (2023)
- Total installed wind turbine capacity: 441,895 MW
- Leading countries in installed capacity (2023): China, U.S., Germany, India
- Figures are in Megawatts (MW) and include both onshore and offshore wind
What Makes Wind? & Global Wind Patterns
- Sun heats land and water unevenly
- Land heats faster than water
- Warm air rises
- Cool air moves in from over water, creating wind patterns
- Global wind patterns described, including trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies
History of Wind Energy
- Early uses (e.g. 5000 BC sailboats on the Nile)
- Development of windmills, including horizontal axis models and vertical axis models
- Key developments (e.g., 1888 Charles Brush, 1941 Grandpa's Knob turbine)
- Modern wind technologies (e.g., 1993 first commercial variable-speed turbine, 2013 wind providing 17% of renewable energy in U.S.)
Top Global Wind Power Markets (2022)
- Listing of the top 20 global wind power markets in terms of cumulative installed capacity in 2022
Site Selection Characteristics
- Purpose of wind generation
- Demand for generation
- Wind speed data (velocity)
- Transmission & distribution networks
- Topography
- Access considerations
General Classification of Wind Turbines
- Drag Systems (e.g., Savonius, drag with windbreak)
- Vertical Axis (Savonius, Darrieus)
- Horizontal Axis (modern wind turbines)
Modern Wind Turbines
- Categorization based on rotor orientation
- Examples of different types of modern wind turbines
- Maglev wind turbines
- Different outputs of horizontal-axis wind turbines (Small, intermediate, and large)
Impacts of Wind Power
- Property values (considerations)
- Noise Levels
- Visual Impact
- Land Use
- Wildlife Impacts
Wind Power Calculation
- Power calculation formulas
- Power coefficient (Cp)
- Examples, calculation procedure
Analysis and Case Studies
- Specific balance equations
- Energy efficiency calculations
Actual Data Use & Site Selection (Case Study)
- Methodology for selection of points
- Meteorological station data used
- Wind speed and temperature data
- Importance of interactions between land and water
- January and July geospatial maps discussed
Common Wind Energy Storage Options
- Batteries
- Pumped hydro
- Compressed air
- Chemical storage (e.g., hydrogen)
Concluding Remarks
- Wind power systems provide sustainable solutions.
- They are efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally benign
- Energy storage is important for wind systems
- Exergy maps are used to provide useful information. Note: some data and specifics are on pages but no data is included in the summary
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