MCPON Black's Leadership in the Navy
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the larger problems affecting the Navy in the mid to late ‘60s?

  • High attrition rates among first term enlistees (correct)
  • Increased morale among personnel
  • High recruitment rates
  • Growing technological advancements

    • Which of the following issues did MCPON Black address during his first year in office?

  • Increasing the number of permanent career counselor billets (correct)
  • Improving the benefits for families of Sailors
  • Increasing the number of uniforms available
  • Eliminating the requirement for all Sailors to serve at sea

    • What was one consequence of the Vietnam War on American society?

  • Decreased civilian job opportunities
  • Increased political unity
  • Growth in technological innovations
  • Eruptions of protests on college campuses (correct)

    • What action did MCPON Black take regarding deserters during his trip to Hawaii?

    <p>He attempted to convince them to return to their units (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific change did MCPON Black advocate for concerning sea pay?

    <p>Increase it from $15 to $110 per month (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Black's main concerns regarding leadership?

    <p>The lack of leadership among senior enlisted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal issue paralleled the problems faced by the military during the Vietnam War?

    <p>Racial rioting over civil rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable challenge in the Navy reflected by absenteeism rates?

    <p>General dissatisfaction with military service (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What authority was being sought for senior and master chiefs according to Black's comments?

    <p>Signature authority on official documents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable observation Black made about the morale of Sailors in Antarctica?

    <p>There were close relationships between officers and men. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Black's role in addressing individual Sailors' issues?

    <p>He served as a liaison to customize responses based on individual situations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Black imply about his responsibilities in his new job?

    <p>He had complete discretion over decision-making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medal was presented to Black by the CNO during his retirement ceremony?

    <p>Distinguished Service Medal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Black continue to serve after his retirement?

    <p>He is involved with the Fleet Reserve Association and USO. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What location did Black visit to meet with Sailors as part of Operation Deep Freeze?

    <p>U.S. Stations on Antarctica (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who accompanied Black during his retirement and change of office ceremonies?

    <p>Secretary of the Navy, Admiral Zumwalt, and Vice Admiral Guinn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a hand salute in the military?

    <p>To show respect and recognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is required when a person in naval service passes or is passed by the national ensign?

    <p>They must salute the ensign (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do merchant ships salute Navy ships?

    <p>By dipping their ensigns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a gun salute in naval customs?

    <p>It is a friendly gesture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many guns are fired for a national salute on Independence Day?

    <p>21 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure when a Navy ship responds to a salute from a merchant ship?

    <p>Lower the ensign to half-mast and then raise it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which admiral rank receives a salute of fifteen guns?

    <p>Vice admiral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interval at which saluting guns are fired?

    <p>Every five seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of naval vessels was known as the 'battle ships of the sailing days'?

    <p>Ships-of-the-line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which naval vessel class was smaller than ships-of-the-line and carried between 28 and 44 guns?

    <p>Frigates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the gun capacity of Sloops-of-War?

    <p>10 to 20 guns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of vessels was commissioned by the Continental Congress to capture merchant ships?

    <p>Privateers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of guns that ships-of-the-line could carry?

    <p>100 guns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three levels of war are tactical, operational, and ______.

    <p>strategic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tactical level involves the details of individual ______.

    <p>engagements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    World War II was a global war that included operational-level combat primarily in the ______ theater.

    <p>Pacific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each specific campaign consisted of important and often decisive ______.

    <p>battles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The culmination of campaign objectives resulted in overall victory in the ______ theater.

    <p>Pacific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The operational level concerns forces collectively in a ______.

    <p>theater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the tactical level, each engagement contributes to the achievement of a campaign's ______.

    <p>objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    World War II included strategic-level activities alongside operational-level combat in the ______ theater.

    <p>Pacific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three levels of war help us visualize military ______ in relation to national goals.

    <p>objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The strategic level of war is focused on ______ national goals.

    <p>supporting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tactical level of war focuses on supporting national goals.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    World War II was both a strategic-level war and an operational-level conflict in the Atlantic theater.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The operational level of war is broader in scope than the tactical level.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The culmination of campaign objectives in World War II did not contribute to overall victory in any theater.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three levels of war include tactical, operational, and strategic, with tactical being the most comprehensive.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Navy Readiness Issues in the 1960s

    The US Navy faced high attrition, low retention, and high absenteeism/desertion rates during the mid-to-late 1960s due to social and political issues like the Vietnam War, civil rights movements, and youth culture shifts.

    MCPON Black's Hawaii Mission

    MCPON Black, attempting to reduce desertion, visited a church housing deserters on a trip to Hawaii.

    Career Counselor Billet Increase

    MCPON Black advocated for more permanent career counselor positions for ships with 400+ personnel to provide better career guidance.

    Dungaree Uniform Acceptance

    MCPON Black sought broader access to wear dungaree uniforms on base at facilities like exchanges and commissaries.

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    Sea Pay Increase

    MCPON Black pushed for a significant increase in sea pay, emphasizing a 74-hour work week for watch standers at sea.

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    Eliminating Out-of-Bounds Passes

    Removing the requirement for special passes for weekend liberties with round-trip airfare.

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    Enlisted Prestige Increase

    MCPON Black sought more privileges, and increased responsibility to improve the standing of senior enlisted personnel.

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    Leadership Concerns

    Poor leadership, or the lack thereof, among senior enlisted, was cited by Black as a primary concern during his tenure.

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    MCPON Black's Leadership Style

    MCPON Black focused on personal interactions with Sailors to address individual issues and personalize solutions.

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    Signature Authority for Chiefs

    MCPON Black advocated for senior and master chiefs to have the authority to sign official documents like service records.

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    Black's Antarctic Visit

    Black traveled extensively to visit the 1,200+ men of Operation Deep Freeze in Antarctica.

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    High Morale in Antarctica

    Black observed exceptionally high morale among Sailors in Antarctica due to strong relationships between officers and enlisted men.

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    Command Level Issues

    Black saw issues that should be addressed by the chain of command being passed back to that command, not to the Bureau.

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    Distinguished Service Medal

    Black received the Distinguished Service Medal during his retirement ceremony.

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    Active in Fleet Reserve

    Continued involvement with the Fleet Reserve Association after retirement.

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    Personal Approach to Bureaucracy

    Emphasis on personal solutions as opposed to bureaucratic rules.

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    Hand Salute: Origin

    The hand salute originated as a way for armored soldiers to identify themselves by raising their helmet visors.

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    Saluting the Ensign: Naval Protocol

    When in uniform, naval personnel must salute the national ensign (American flag) when coming aboard or leaving a ship, and during morning and evening colors ceremonies.

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    Dipping the Ensign: Merchant Ship Greeting

    Merchant ships salute Navy ships by lowering their ensigns briefly, indicating respect and acknowledging the Navy's presence.

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    Gun Salute: Historical Gesture

    In the past, firing guns in salute was a gesture of friendship, as it made the ship vulnerable for a prolonged time.

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    Gun Salute: National Honor

    A 21-gun salute is fired for important occasions and officials like the President and heads of state.

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    Gun Salute: Naval Hierarchy

    Different ranks of naval officers are honored with different gun salute numbers, with admirals receiving the most.

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    Gun Salute: Odd Numbers

    Naval gun salutes are always fired in odd numbers and with 5-second intervals, a tradition inherited from old naval practices.

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    Gun Salute: Who Fires?

    Only ships and stations designated by the Secretary of the Navy are authorized to fire gun salutes.

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    Ships-of-the-line

    Large sailing warships, the main battle vessels of the 18th century, carrying 64 to 100 guns.

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    Frigates

    Smaller sailing warships, like cruisers, carrying 28 to 44 guns, faster than ships-of-the-line.

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    Sloops-of-War

    Small sailing warships, carrying 10 to 20 guns, used for scouting and smaller operations.

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    Privateers

    Privately owned ships commissioned by the Continental Congress to capture merchant ships during the Revolutionary War.

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    What were the three main types of naval vessels in the early U.S. Navy?

    The foundation of the early U.S. Navy consisted of ships-of-the-line, frigates, and sloops-of-war, each with their distinct size and role.

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    Levels of War

    A framework to understand the scale of military operations, with tactical, operational, and strategic levels representing increasingly broader scopes.

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    Tactical Level

    The level of war focusing on the details of individual engagements, such as specific battles or skirmishes.

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    Operational Level

    The level of war involving the coordination of forces within a specific theater, like a campaign in a region.

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    Strategic Level

    The highest level of war, focused on achieving national objectives through military means, such as winning a global war.

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    Example: World War II

    An illustration of the three levels of war, with the Pacific theater as an operational level of the overall strategic conflict.

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    Example of Levels of War: World War II

    World War II illustrates the three levels of war, with the Pacific theater serving as an operational level of the overall strategic conflict.

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    World War II as Example

    World War II illustrates the three levels of war: The Pacific theater represented the operational level, a series of campaigns within the overall strategic conflict.

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    Study Notes

    MCPON Black's Efforts

    • MCPON Black faced significant challenges in the mid-to-late 1960s, including high attrition, low retention, and high absenteeism/desertion rates within the Navy.
    • The Vietnam War, societal unrest, and a new youth culture contributed to these issues.
    • Black attempted to address desertion rates by visiting a church shelter and personally speaking with deserters. He had success in getting some Sailors to return to their units, but church officials intervened.
    • His fleet visits helped identify key areas requiring immediate attention.
    • He advocated for increased career counselor billets, more acceptance of dungaree uniforms, increased sea pay, elimination of out-of-bounds passes for weekend liberty, and increased prestige and privileges for senior enlisted personnel.

    Leadership Focus

    • Black emphasized the crucial role of leadership in addressing naval issues.
    • He believed effective leadership at the fleet level could mitigate many problems arising from bureaucratic procedures in Washington.
    • He sought to improve signature authority for senior and Master Chiefs on documents.
    • He highlighted the personal nature of many sailor concerns and emphasized the importance of individual attention and solutions. He felt that his office was akin to having Admiral Semmes sign documents in terms of influence.
    • Black asserted that he had no limitations placed on his job responsibilities
    • He visited Operation Deep Freeze in Antarctica and noted high morale due to close officer-sailor relationships.

    Travel and Recognition

    • Black travelled extensively, including a visit to Operation Deep Freeze, where he noted high morale due to close officer-sailor relationships.
    • He received the Distinguished Service Medal upon his retirement.
    • He remains active in the Fleet Reserve Association and the USO, providing ongoing assistance to sailors.

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    Description

    Explore MCPON Black's significant efforts in the Navy during the 1960s, addressing challenges like attrition and desertion. Learn about his leadership initiatives that aimed to bolster morale and enhance the retention of Sailors amid the Vietnam War and changing social dynamics.

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