MCO Lecture 10: DNA Sequencing and PCR
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Questions and Answers

What is the direction of DNA synthesis?

  • 3' → 3'
  • 3' → 5'
  • 5' → 5'
  • 5' → 3' (correct)

    • What is the main difference between dideoxynucleotides and normal nucleotides?

  • Absence of a 3'-OH group (correct)
  • Presence of a 5'-OH group
  • Presence of a 2'-OH group
  • Presence of a 3'-OH group

    • What is the term for the process of determining the order of nucleotides in a piece of DNA?

  • DNA sequencing (correct)
  • DNA synthesis
  • PCR amplification
  • DNA replication

    • Who developed the technique of Sanger sequencing?

    <p>Frederick Sanger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dideoxynucleotides in Sanger sequencing?

    <p>To terminate DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of DNA strands that underlies both DNA replication and Watson-Crick base pairing?

    <p>They are anti-parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of oligodeoxynucleotide primers in PCR?

    <p>20-24 mers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range at which Thermus aquaticus can survive?

    <p>50°C to 80°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature is the extension of primers by Taq DNA polymerase performed in PCR?

    <p>72°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Taq polymerase useful in PCR?

    <p>It is not denatured by the high temperatures used in PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cycles of PCR are typically performed?

    <p>20-30 cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of PCR machines?

    <p>To control the temperature of the PCR reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fossil was found in African populations in 2011?

    <p>DNA fossil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum age of the fossils found in the cave?

    <p>2.034 million years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of introducing mismatches in a primer during PCR?

    <p>To make specific mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of PCR in forensic science?

    <p>It can process very small blood samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the application of PCR in legal cases?

    <p>Forensic science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of understanding PCR techniques in the context of human origins?

    <p>It allows for the identification of DNA from ancient humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using multiple STRs in DNA profiling?

    <p>To increase the discrimination power of DNA profiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the system operated by the FBI for DNA profiling?

    <p>CODIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many STRs are typically analyzed in a multiplex PCR reaction?

    <p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying X and Y chromosomes in a separate reaction?

    <p>To determine the sex of the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the European standard set of STRs used in DNA profiling?

    <p>European Standard Set</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of analyzing VNTRs in DNA profiling?

    <p>To determine the identity of the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of heating to 94°C in the PCR cycle?

    <p>To separate the strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the primers in the PCR cycle?

    <p>To bind to the target sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of repeating the PCR cycle 30 times?

    <p>Produces 1000 million copies of the target sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in PCR?

    <p>To visualize the PCR products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of DNA in the agarose gel electrophoresis?

    <p>Negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Taq polymerase in the PCR cycle?

    <p>To extend the primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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