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Questions and Answers
What are the properties of thermoplastics?
What are the properties of thermoplastics?
- Low cost, lightweight, and flexible (correct)
- Low cost, tough, and insulating
- High cost, rigid, and brittle
- High cost, heavy, and transparent
Which classification of polymers is based on the Polymerization mechanism?
Which classification of polymers is based on the Polymerization mechanism?
- Physical behavior
- Polymerization chemistry (correct)
- By origin
- Structure/Architecture
What is a common origin for natural gas-derived polymers?
What is a common origin for natural gas-derived polymers?
- Animals (correct)
- Insects
- Plants
- Coal
Which application is associated with polyethylene terephthalate (PETE)?
Which application is associated with polyethylene terephthalate (PETE)?
What are the properties of thermosets?
What are the properties of thermosets?
How are polymers classified based on structure/architecture?
How are polymers classified based on structure/architecture?
Where do biopolymers like chitan primarily come from?
Where do biopolymers like chitan primarily come from?
What is a key application of polyvinyl acetate (PVA)?
What is a key application of polyvinyl acetate (PVA)?
Which family do materials like nylon-6 belong to?
Which family do materials like nylon-6 belong to?
What are some common engineering applications of polystyrene?
What are some common engineering applications of polystyrene?
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Study Notes
Major Functions of Polymers
- Adhesives: superglue, epoxies
- Structural components: polyethylene, polyesters, PPMA or PC transparent sheets, molded ABS or HIPS
- Barriers: polyethylene landfill, garbage bags, Sarah wrap
- Insulation: polyurethane foam, Styrofoam, polyethylene wire coatings, Bakelite (phenol-formaldehyde)
Types of Polymers
- Thermoplastics: soften when heated and harden when cooled, relatively soft
- Thermosetting polymers: network polymers with covalent cross-links between adjacent chains, generally harder and stronger
History of Polymers
- 1868: Cellulose Nitrate
- 1909: Phenol-Formaldehyde
- 1919: Casein
- 1927: Cellulose Acetate, Polyvinyl Chloride
- 1929: Urea-Formaldehyde
- 1936: Acrylic, Polystyrene
- 1938: Polyvinyl Butyrate, Polyvinylidene Chloride, Melamine-Formaldehyde
- 1939: Nylon (Polyamide)
- 1942: Polyester, Polyethylene
- 1943: Fluorocarbon, Silicone
- 1947: Epoxy
- 1948: Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
- 1954: Polyurethane
- 1956: Acetal
- 1957: Polypropylene, Polycarbonate
- 1964: Ionomer, Polyimide
Classes of Ceramics
- Glasses
- Clay
- Refractories
- Abrasives
- Cements
- Advanced ceramics: optical, whiteware, bricks, sandpaper, composites, high T ceramics, structural ceramics
Why Use Polymers
- Easy to process
- Cheap
- Lightweight
- Tough
- Flexible
- Transparent (sometimes)
- Insulating (generally)
Classification of Polymers
- By origin
- By physical behavior
- By structure/architecture
- By application/function
- By polymerization mechanism
- By polymerization chemistry
- By cost
Origin of Polymers
- Biopolymers: proteins, cellulosic fibers, lignin & cellulose, chitin
- Synthetic Polymers: coal, petroleum, natural gas
Physical Behavior & Architecture
- Thermoplastics: polystyrene, polyvinylchloride
- Elastomers: synthetic rubbers, poly-cis-isoprene
- Thermosets: phenolic resins, melamines, epoxies
Applications/Function
- Structural: nylon-6
- Coatings: poly(vinyl acetate)
- Fibers: poly(ethylene terephthalate)
- Adhesives: poly(vinyl acetate)
Cost: Commodity (Amorphous) Thermoplastics
- Polyethylene (PE): grocery bag, 55-gallon drum, lawn furniture
- Polypropylene (PP): washing machine agitator, carpet
- Polyvinylchloride (PVC): irrigation pipe, wire insulation
- Polystyrene (PS): toys, pipes, packing material (Styrofoam)
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