MC 2 - Biochemistry: Organic Chemistry

Questions and Answers

What is organic chemistry primarily the study of?

Inorganic compounds

Water molecules

Carbon compounds (correct)

Gas mixtures

Covalent compounds are mostly solid at room temperature.

False

What are hydrocarbons?

Compounds with only carbon and hydrogen.

Which of the following is an example of a medication mentioned?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What does the octet rule state?

Atoms need eight electrons in their outer shell to be stable. Signup and view all the answers

Carbon has _____ valence electrons that participate in chemical bonds.

four Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of bond with its description:

Polar covalent = Unequal sharing of electrons Non-polar covalent = Equal sharing of electrons Saturated = Carbon chain contains as many hydrogens as possible Alkane = Contains only single C-H bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are considered addictive according to the content?

Caffeine and nicotine Signup and view all the answers

Why are saturated carbon chains more compact?

Because they contain only single C-H bonds. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organic Chemistry Overview

Organic chemistry focuses on carbon compounds, primarily consisting of carbon and hydrogen.
Example compounds include ethyl alcohol, oil, antiseptics, and petroleum gas.

Carbon Bonding and Stability

Carbon forms covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with other atoms.
Bonds lead to a stable outer electron shell filled with eight electrons (octet rule).
Covalent compounds typically exist as liquids or gases at room temperature due to their low melting and boiling points.

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are compounds made solely of carbon and hydrogen, classified as hydrophobic (water-repelling).
Common hydrocarbons are flammable under heat and oxygen exposure.

Importance of Organic Compounds

Essential for biological processes and compose all food items.
Organic compounds encompass a wide range of molecules critical to life.

Polar and Non-Polar Covalent Bonds

Polar covalent bonds exhibit unequal electron sharing.
Non-polar covalent bonds involve equal sharing, primarily seen between carbon atoms.

Ethylene in Fruits

Ethylene is produced by fruits, leading to ripening by triggering cellular degradation.

Medications

Organic compounds play a role in pharmaceuticals, including aspirin, Tylenol, decongestants, sedatives, and insulin.

Addictive Substances and Hormones

Substances like caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, and narcotics are notable examples of organic compounds.
Hormones such as adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin are made from organic compounds.

Saturated Compounds

Saturated compounds contain carbon chains with maximum hydrogen atoms and only single C-H bonds.
Alkanes are the simplest saturated hydrocarbons.
Saturated chains can become solid when tightly compacted, impacting their physical properties.

Description

This quiz focuses on the fundamentals of organic chemistry within the context of biochemistry for the 1st semester BSN course. It covers the significance of carbon compounds and their interactions, specifically how carbon forms covalent bonds with other atoms. You'll encounter concepts related to common organic compounds such as ethyl alcohol and petroleum gas.