29 Questions
What is the role of protein kinases ATR and ATM in the DNA damage response?
Activation of Chk1 and Chk2
What is the result of p53 activation during the DNA damage response?
Increased expression of genes promoting long-term cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis
Which statement accurately describes the effect of nucleotide damage?
Loss of the base from purine nucleotides
What is the function of Chk1 and Chk2 in the DNA damage response?
Triggering increased expression of genes encoding DNA repair enzymes
What is the role of protein kinases ATR and ATM in the DNA damage response?
Activation of Chk1 and Chk2
What is the result of p53 activation during the DNA damage response?
Increased expression of genes promoting long-term cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis
What is the name of the repair mechanism used to remove and replace bulky lesions in the DNA?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which protein kinase is specialized for the response to double-strand breaks?
ATM
What does ATR specifically recognize to trigger a damage response?
Single-stranded DNA
In which phase is the cell generally more sensitive to DNA damage?
S phase
What is the result of a mutation in the gene for ATM in humans?
Reduced ability to repair radiation-induced double-strand breaks and an increased risk of developing cancer
What is the name of the protein that coats single-stranded DNA and is important for DNA replication?
RPA
Which enzyme completes the repair after a damaged base is removed from the DNA backbone in base excision repair?
DNA ligase
What is required for the response to many different forms of DNA damage?
ATR
What triggers little or no ATR response when it occurs in G1 phase but activates ATR during S phase?
$\gamma$-radiation damage
Which mechanism is used to remove and replace a damaged base using the undamaged strand as a template?
Base excision repair
During the DNA damage response, what is the role of protein kinases ATR and ATM?
Triggering increased expression of genes encoding DNA repair enzymes
Which enzymes are recruited to the damaged site during the DNA damage response?
Protein kinases ATR or ATM
What is the result of p53 activation during the DNA damage response?
Increased expression of genes promoting long-term cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis
Which phase is the cell generally more sensitive to DNA damage?
S phase
What triggers little or no ATR response when it occurs in G1 phase but activates ATR during S phase?
DNA damage
What is required for the response to many different forms of DNA damage?
Protein kinases ATR or ATM
What is the role of the protein kinases ATR and ATM in the DNA damage response?
They are specialized for the response to different forms of DNA damage, with ATR recognizing single-stranded DNA and ATM specialized for double-strand breaks.
What triggers little or no ATR response when it occurs in G1 phase but activates ATR during S phase?
Methylation and UV-induced thymine dimers
Which enzyme completes the repair after a damaged base is removed from the DNA backbone in base excision repair?
DNA polymerase
During the DNA damage response, what is the role of protein kinases ATR and ATM?
They recruit one or both of the protein kinases CHK1 and CHK2 to the site of damage.
Which statement accurately describes the effect of nucleotide damage?
Nucleotide damage stimulates an extensive ATR response during S phase due to delayed replication forks.
What is required for the response to many different forms of DNA damage?
Presence of intact sister chromatids for recombinational double-strand break repair
What does ATR specifically recognize to trigger a damage response?
Tracts of single-stranded DNA coated by RPA
Test your knowledge on the overview of the eukaryotic cell cycle, model organisms in cell cycle analysis, cell cycle control system, CDKs and cyclins, mitosis, the mitotic spindle, cytokinesis, cell proliferation, growth, and DNA damage response. This quiz covers the syllabus for the 2022-2023 Fall Semester of MBG307 course on The Cell Cycle.
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