Maximilien Robespierre: French Revolution Leader

Early Life and Career

• Born on May 6, 1758, in Arras, France, into a middle-class family
• Studious and intelligent, excelled in studies, and became a lawyer
• Pursued a career in law, defending the poor and advocating for social justice

Rise to Prominence in the Revolution

• Elected to the Estates-General in 1789, where he became a vocal critic of the monarchy
• Emerged as a key figure in the National Convention, supporting radical political reform
• Aligned with the radical Jacobin faction, leading to his rise to prominence

Leadership in the Revolution

• Played a significant role in the overthrow of the monarchy, particularly during the trial and execution of King Louis XVI in 1793
• Became one of the most influential leaders of the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror

Reign of Terror

• Led a campaign of mass executions to suppress dissent and root out counter-revolutionary elements
• Believed in revolutionary purity, leading to the execution of thousands of perceived enemies of the revolution
• Executed former allies and moderates, increasing his authoritarianism and isolation

Downfall and Execution

• Arrested on July 27, 1794, due to growing opposition within the National Convention and concerns about his power
• Executed by guillotine on July 28, 1794, marking the end of the Reign of Terror

Legacy

• Remembered as a polarizing figure in French history, celebrated by some as a champion of the people and a martyr for the revolutionary cause
• Criticized by others for his role in the Reign of Terror and the brutality of his methods