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Questions and Answers
What feature is characterized by a deep developmental groove that starts at the bifurcation and terminates at the cervical line?
What feature is characterized by a deep developmental groove that starts at the bifurcation and terminates at the cervical line?
Which cusp is the largest and can be seen prominently from the buccal aspect?
Which cusp is the largest and can be seen prominently from the buccal aspect?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the mesio-buccal and disto-buccal cusps?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the mesio-buccal and disto-buccal cusps?
Where does the bifurcation between the mesio-buccal and disto-buccal roots begin?
Where does the bifurcation between the mesio-buccal and disto-buccal roots begin?
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Which feature is associated with the mesio-lingual cusp that is often mentioned as the Carabelli trait?
Which feature is associated with the mesio-lingual cusp that is often mentioned as the Carabelli trait?
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What is the relationship between the mesial palatal cusp and the mesial buccal cusp?
What is the relationship between the mesial palatal cusp and the mesial buccal cusp?
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How does the lingual groove function in relation to the cusps?
How does the lingual groove function in relation to the cusps?
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What best describes the proximal outline of the buccal roots?
What best describes the proximal outline of the buccal roots?
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Where is the palatal height of contour located?
Where is the palatal height of contour located?
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Which statement accurately describes the mesial aspect's outline?
Which statement accurately describes the mesial aspect's outline?
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How does the cervical line of the distal aspect appear?
How does the cervical line of the distal aspect appear?
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What is a characteristic feature of the occlusal aspect of maxillary molars?
What is a characteristic feature of the occlusal aspect of maxillary molars?
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What distinguishes the disto-buccal cusp of the maxillary second molar from that of the maxillary first molar?
What distinguishes the disto-buccal cusp of the maxillary second molar from that of the maxillary first molar?
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Which feature is distinct in the maxillary second molar when compared to the first molar?
Which feature is distinct in the maxillary second molar when compared to the first molar?
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Which roots are described as broad bucco-lingually?
Which roots are described as broad bucco-lingually?
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How do the roots of the maxillary second molar compare to the first molar?
How do the roots of the maxillary second molar compare to the first molar?
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What is the shape of the palatal root?
What is the shape of the palatal root?
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Which of the following is true about the distal marginal ridge compared to the mesial marginal ridge?
Which of the following is true about the distal marginal ridge compared to the mesial marginal ridge?
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What characteristic differentiates the occlusal view of the maxillary second molar from the first molar?
What characteristic differentiates the occlusal view of the maxillary second molar from the first molar?
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What is the relationship between the position of the mesial root apex and the buccal developmental groove in the maxillary second molar?
What is the relationship between the position of the mesial root apex and the buccal developmental groove in the maxillary second molar?
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What describes the occlusal outline of the tooth?
What describes the occlusal outline of the tooth?
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Which statement is true regarding the maxillary second molar's characteristics?
Which statement is true regarding the maxillary second molar's characteristics?
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Which feature is NOT typically associated with the maxillary second molar?
Which feature is NOT typically associated with the maxillary second molar?
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How do the supplementary grooves of the maxillary second molar compare to the first molar?
How do the supplementary grooves of the maxillary second molar compare to the first molar?
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What is the typical characteristic of the crown of a maxillary third molar in comparison to other maxillary molars?
What is the typical characteristic of the crown of a maxillary third molar in comparison to other maxillary molars?
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Which cusp is typically larger in a maxillary third molar's buccal aspect?
Which cusp is typically larger in a maxillary third molar's buccal aspect?
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What characteristic distinguishes the buccal roots of the second molar from those of the first molar?
What characteristic distinguishes the buccal roots of the second molar from those of the first molar?
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What common characteristic of roots is observed in maxillary third molars?
What common characteristic of roots is observed in maxillary third molars?
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Which of the following features is NOT associated with the palatal aspect of the second molar?
Which of the following features is NOT associated with the palatal aspect of the second molar?
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In what way does the distal surface of the maxillary third molar differ from that of the first and second molars?
In what way does the distal surface of the maxillary third molar differ from that of the first and second molars?
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How does the crown height of the second molar compare to that of the first molar?
How does the crown height of the second molar compare to that of the first molar?
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What aspect of the maxillary third molar typically features a large lingual cusp?
What aspect of the maxillary third molar typically features a large lingual cusp?
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In terms of occlusal aspect, what is a notable difference between the second molar and the first molar?
In terms of occlusal aspect, what is a notable difference between the second molar and the first molar?
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How is the outline of the occlusal surface of a maxillary third molar usually described?
How is the outline of the occlusal surface of a maxillary third molar usually described?
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Which statement about the mesial aspect of the second molar is true?
Which statement about the mesial aspect of the second molar is true?
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Which of the following features is typically absent in the distal aspect of the maxillary third molar?
Which of the following features is typically absent in the distal aspect of the maxillary third molar?
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What can be inferred about the maxillary and mandibular third molars?
What can be inferred about the maxillary and mandibular third molars?
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What type of inclination is commonly seen in the roots of maxillary third molars?
What type of inclination is commonly seen in the roots of maxillary third molars?
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How does the size of the distobuccal and distolingual cusps compare in the second molar?
How does the size of the distobuccal and distolingual cusps compare in the second molar?
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Which of the following features is characteristic of the occlusal view of the second molar?
Which of the following features is characteristic of the occlusal view of the second molar?
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Study Notes
Maxillary First Molar
- Deep developmental groove buccally on the root trunk starts at the bifurcation and progresses downward, becoming shallower until it terminates in a shallow depression at the cervical line
- Mesio-buccal and disto-buccal cusps dominate the facial outline
- Mesio-buccal is wider than disto-buccal
- Buccal developmental groove separates MB and DB cusps and terminates halfway the crown height in the BUCCAL PIT
- Mesio-lingual cusp is the largest
- Disto-lingual cusp is also visible
- All three roots are visible.
- The bifurcation between the MB and DB roots starts at the end of the root trunk on the junction between Cervical and middle thirds.
- Mesio-Buccal root has a curvature and might have two canals.
- Two cusps of unequal size separated by the lingual developmental groove, which is continuous with the distolingual (or distal oblique) groove.
- The larger mesiolingual cusp often displays the Carabelli trait.
- ML cusp makes 3/5s of MD width of the crown
- ML cusp is prominent and blunt
- DL cusp rounded, shorter and narrower
- L groove separates L cusps and terminates midway of L surface
- Only 2 lingual cusps are seen
- Buccal Cusps not seen
- Disto-lingual groove separates the 2 cups
- Cusp of Carabelli is seen
- The 3 roots are visible
- Proximal outline of B roots
- L root is tapered with a blunt apex
- L root apex is in line with crown midline
- Mesio-palatal cusp, mesial marginal ridge, and mesiobuccal cusp are seen
- Cusp of Carabelli is seen in this view
- Maximum BP dimension at the middle of cervical third
- MP is higher than MB cusp
- B cervical 1/3 is strongly convex
- B outline continues in a straight line
- Palatal outline is uniformly convex
- Palatal HOC is at the midpoint
- CL is slightly convex occlusally
- Trapezoidal outline with maximum bucco-palatal dimension is at the cervix of the crown
- Buccal Maximum curvature: middle of cervical 3rd, then outline continues straight
- Palatal maximum curvature: middle of middle 3rd
- Palatal root is narrow and Banana-shaped, it curves palatally then buccally at the apex
- Mesial contact area placed more to the buccal
- Mesial marginal ridge side is marked by several tubercles and supplementary grooves
- Cervical line is slightly curved towards the Occlusal
- Deep developmental groove on the root surface on the mesio-buccal root
- MB & P roots
- MB root is broad BL
- P root is narrow and Banana-shaped
- Both MB & P roots project beyond crown profile
- The two distal cusps are clearly seen.
- The distal marginal ridge is somewhat shorter than the mesial one.
- DB cusp is more prominent than DP
- Only small portions of M cusps are visible
- Distal MR is shorter and less prominent than M
- Distal MR rarely has tubercles
- B & P profiles are similar to those of M aspect
- CL is nearly straight
- Cervical line is straight
- Disto buccal root is shortest
- No Cusp of Carbelli or groove present
Maxillary First Molar Occlusal View
- The tooth outline is somewhat rhomboidal with four distinct cusps.
- The cusp order according to size is: mesiolingual, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and distolingual.
- A frequent feature of maxillary molars is the Cusp of Carabelli located on the mesio paltal cusp.
- MB & DL angles are acute
- ML & DB angles are obtuse
- 1/3 of B surface & ½ of L are visible
- B outline: D part is more L than M part
- Two distinct components:
- Trigon:
- MB, ML & DB cusps
- Tricuspate triangle
- Talon:
- DL cusp & D MR
- Located DL to the tricuspate triangle
- Well-developed in 1st molar and undergoes reduction in size in 2nd and 3rd molars
- Trigon:
Maxillary First Molar Occlusal Surface
- Mesial and distal triangular fossae
- M triangular fossa
- M pit
- Mesial marginal ridge is longer and more prominent than the Distal marginal ridge
- MB & ML supplementary grooves
- D triangular fossa (minor fossa)
- Distal pit
- Oblique ridge
- DB & DL supplementary grooves
- Two Major Fossae:
- Central fossa
- Central pit
- Buccal groove
- Distal groove
- Central groove
- Distal fossa
- D pit
- DL groove or distal oblique which continues as the L groove
Maxillary Second Molar
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Similar to maxillary first molar generally but differ in the followings:
- The disto-buccal cusp is not as well developed as in maxillary first molar.
- The disto palatal cusp is smaller.
- The cusp of Carabelli is absent from this tooth.
- The roots are of the same length as 1st molar and sometimes longer
- The roots are slightly less divergent
- The crown is shorter cervico-occlusally with almost the same width bucco-palatally when compared to maxillary first molar
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The crown is shorter occluso-cervically and narrower mesiodistally when compared to the first molar.
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The distobuccal cusp is smaller than the mesiobuccal cusp.
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The roots are more parallel; the apex of the mesial root is on line with the buccal developmental groove.
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Mesial and distal roots tend to be about the same length.
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Less prominent DB cusp and narrower MD
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Distally inclined B roots
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The two buccal roots are nearly parallel, and they are more straight compared to 1st molar.
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Both Mesial and Distal contact points tend to be centred bucco-palatally below the marginal ridges.
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DP cusp is smaller in width and height
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Palatal root is narrower MD and slightly D inclined
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No cusp of Carabelli
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The crown is shorter than the first molar
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The palatal and MB roots have less divergence.
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The roots tend to remain within the crown profile.
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Less numerous MR tubercles
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Roots tend to remain within the crown profile.
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Buccal Maximum curvature: middle of cervical 3rd
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Palatal maximum curvature: middle of middle 3rd
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Smaller D cusps
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A greater portion of the occlusal aspect is visible
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The distolingual cusp is smaller on the second than on the first molar.
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When it is much reduced in size, the crown outline is described as 'heart-shaped.'
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Cusp of Carabelli is usually absent.
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The order of cusp size, largest to smallest, is the same as the first but is more exaggerated: mesiolingual, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and distolingual.
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MB and DL angles are more acute
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ML and DB angles are more obtuse
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Talon is more reduced in size
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More variable pit/groove pattern
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More numerous supplementary groove
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Crown is more constricted MD
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narrower crown mesiodistally when compared to the first molar
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The disto-palatal cusp is smaller in the 2nd molar (smaller talon).
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Difference in the size of cusps is more exaggerated: Largest to smallest: mesiopalatal, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and distopalatal.
Maxillary Third Molar
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Maxillary third molars vary considerably in size shape and position
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Some third molars resemble the adjacent second molar; others may have many cusps, small 'cusplets', and many grooves.
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The crown of this tooth is the smallest of the maxillary molars
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The crown is usually shorter in both axial and mesiodistal dimensions.
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Two buccal roots are present, but in most cases, they are fused.
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The mesiobuccal cusp is larger than the disto buccal cusp.
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Crown is smallest in all dimensions
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Roots are much short, and commonly fused
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Roots shows a pronounced distal inclination
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The crown:
- Shorter and smaller in all dimensions.
- The mesio-buccal cusp is larger than the disto-buccal cusp.
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Roots shows a slight distal inclination.
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Mesial contact point middle of crown is below the marginal ridges.
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Technically, the mesial surface is the only 'proximal' surface.
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The distal surface does not contact another tooth.
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In most third molars, there is just one large lingual cusp (DL cusp is usually missing).
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In some cases, there is a poorly developed distolingual cusp and a lingual groove.
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The lingual root is often fused to the two buccal roots.
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The outline of the crown is rounded;
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Crown profile is irregular
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Fused roots
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DL cusp is usually absent
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More of the occlusal surface is visible compared with 1st and 2nd
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The outline of the occlusal surface can be described as triangular or 'heart-shaped.'
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Difference in the size of cusps is even more exaggerated: Largest to smallest: mesiopalatal, mesiobuccal and distobuccal distopalatal is of minimal size.
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Oblique ridge is barely visible
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Pit/groove pattern is variable
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Numerous supplementary grooves
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the maxillary first molar with this quiz. Explore the details of its cusps, grooves, and root structures. Perfect for dental students and professionals looking to refine their understanding.
