Mature Harappan Civilisation

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Questions and Answers

What was the characteristic of the settlements during the Early Harappan period?

  • They had large-scale buildings and a complex system of governance
  • They were characterized by the absence of agriculture and pastoralism
  • They were found only in the Gujarat region
  • They were small and had no large buildings (correct)

What is evident from the large-scale burning at some sites and the abandonment of certain settlements?

  • A gradual decline of the Early Harappan civilization
  • A continuous growth of the Early Harappan civilization
  • A cultural fusion between the Early Harappan and the Harappan civilization
  • A break between the Early Harappan and the Harappan civilization (correct)

What is the primary basis for reconstructing dietary practices of the Harappans?

  • Analysis of pottery and crafts
  • Studies of animal bones found at Harappan sites
  • Finds of charred grains and seeds (correct)
  • Excavations of large buildings

What type of specialists study ancient plant remains?

<p>Archaeo-botanists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following grains is found in relatively rare quantities at Harappan sites?

<p>Rice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of specialists study animal bones found at Harappan sites?

<p>Archaeo-zoologists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was found mostly in Mohenjodaro and Harappa?

<p>Miniature pots of faience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the tiny settlement of Chanhudaro?

<p>Craft production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the material used to make beads that was easily worked and could be moulded into various shapes?

<p>Steatite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the technique used to obtain the red colour of carnelian?

<p>Firing the yellowish raw material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the settlements of Nageshwar and Balakot?

<p>Making shell objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the best indicators of craft work?

<p>Waste material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Harappans transport goods and people across land routes?

<p>By bullock carts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the source of lapis lazuli, a highly valued blue stone?

<p>Afghanistan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the location of the source of carnelian?

<p>Gujarat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the settlements established near sources of raw materials?

<p>Procuring materials for craft production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature was present in every house in Mohenjodaro?

<p>A bathroom paved with bricks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many wells were estimated to be present in Mohenjodaro?

<p>700 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Great Bath?

<p>It was a ritual bath for special purposes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy do archaeologists use to find out about social differences?

<p>Studying burial practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates social differences in burials in Harappan sites?

<p>Variations in burial pit construction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of 'luxury' artefacts?

<p>Made from costly, non-local materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of artefact that is difficult to classify as utilitarian or luxury?

<p>Spindle whorls made of faience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are rare and valuable objects concentrated?

<p>In large settlements like Mohenjodaro and Harappa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a distinctive feature of the Great Bath's construction?

<p>Bricks were set on edge with gypsum mortar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was found near the skull of a male in a Harappan burial site?

<p>An ornament consisting of three shell rings, a jasper bead, and hundreds of micro beads (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates Indian archaeologists to search for Harappan sites in India?

<p>To compensate for the loss of major sites to Pakistan after the partition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a significant outcome of the surveys and explorations in Kutch, Punjab, and Haryana?

<p>The revelation of a number of Harappan settlements in India (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a current area of focus in Harappan archaeology?

<p>Understanding the functions of various artefacts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the growing international interest in Harappan archaeology?

<p>The use of modern scientific techniques in archaeology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of the joint efforts of specialists from the subcontinent and abroad?

<p>The promise of yielding interesting results in the future (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the ongoing explorations in Harappan archaeology?

<p>The use of modern scientific techniques, including surface exploration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary interest of Cunningham, the first Director-General of the ASI?

<p>The archaeology of the Early Historic period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Harappan seals discovered by Daya Ram Sahni and Rakhal Das Banerji suggest?

<p>That these sites were part of a single archaeological culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of John Marshall's announcement in 1924?

<p>The discovery of a new civilisation in the Indus valley (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the limitation of John Marshall's excavation technique?

<p>He did not follow the stratigraphy of the site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the contribution of R.E.M. Wheeler to Indian archaeology?

<p>He rectified the limitation of John Marshall's excavation technique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Chinese Buddhist pilgrims' accounts?

<p>They helped locate early settlements in India (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Harappan artefacts found by Cunningham suggest to him?

<p>That they were not significant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the characteristic of the archaeologists who worked in India during the early 20th century?

<p>They were mostly professional archaeologists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Cunningham fail to realise the significance of the Harappan artefacts?

<p>Because he was focused on the archaeology of the Early Historic period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of John Marshall's announcement in 1924 on Indian archaeology?

<p>It made India three thousand years older (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probable source of copper, as suggested by chemical analyses of Harappan artefacts?

<p>Oman (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the thick layer of black clay coating on large Harappan jars found at Omani sites?

<p>It prevents the percolation of liquids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the region mentioned in Mesopotamian texts, which is possibly the Harappan region?

<p>Meluhha (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the depiction of ships and boats on Harappan seals?

<p>It suggests that communication with Oman, Bahrain, or Mesopotamia was by sea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probable purpose of the seals and sealings used in the Harappan civilization?

<p>To facilitate long-distance communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Harappan script?

<p>It has too many signs, between 375 and 400 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the material used to make the weights in the Harappan civilization?

<p>Chert (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lower denominations of weights in the Harappan civilization?

<p>They are based on a binary system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the finding of Harappan artefacts in the Khetri region of Rajasthan?

<p>It suggests that the inhabitants of this region supplied copper to the Harappans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mythological significance of the haja-bird in Mesopotamian texts?

<p>It is a bird whose call is heard in the royal palace (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely explanation for the uniformity of Harappan artefacts?

<p>The presence of a single ruler (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the stone statue labelled as the 'priest-king'?

<p>It is a cultural parallel to Mesopotamian history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Harappan weights?

<p>They were used for weighing jewellery and beads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the timeline of the abandonment of most Mature Harappan sites in regions like Cholistan?

<p>c. 1800 BCE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of the 'Late Harappan' or 'successor cultures'?

<p>The disappearance of distinctive artefacts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for the collapse of the Harappan civilisation?

<p>The collapse of the Harappan state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the brick size in Harappan society?

<p>It indicates the uniform ratio of bricks throughout the region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the settlements in the Late Harappan period?

<p>They were characterised by a rural way of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the seals in Harappan society?

<p>They disappeared in the Late Harappan period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely explanation for the absence of depictions of people in power in Harappan archaeological records?

<p>The Harappan society did not have rulers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inferred about the Harappan agricultural practices based on the representations on seals and terracotta sculpture?

<p>They used oxen for ploughing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the urban centres of the Harappan civilization?

<p>Their development of urban centres. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the settlement of Mohenjodaro?

<p>It was planned and then implemented. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of the Harappan cities?

<p>Their carefully planned drainage system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the buildings in the Lower Town of Mohenjodaro?

<p>They were built on mud brick platforms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were houses built along streets with drains in the Lower Town of Mohenjodaro?

<p>So that domestic waste water could flow into the street drains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the residential buildings in the Lower Town of Mohenjodaro?

<p>They were centred around a courtyard. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were there no windows in the walls along the ground level of the residential buildings?

<p>To maintain privacy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the finding of grain at Harappan sites?

<p>The presence of agricultural technologies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the lack of canals at Harappan sites in Punjab and Sind?

<p>Ancient canals silted up long ago. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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