Matter in Our Surroundings
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of density?

  • Newton
  • Pascal
  • Kelvin
  • Kilogram per cubic metre (correct)

    • Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of solid into liquid at its boiling point.

    False (B)

    What is the physical state of water at 0°C?

    Solid or a mixture of solid (ice) and liquid (water)

    The unit of pressure is the ______.

    <p>pascal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following quantities with their corresponding units:

    <p>Temperature = Kelvin Mass = Kilogram Volume = Cubic metre Weight = Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following produces more severe burns?

    <p>Steam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water at room temperature is a solid.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convert 25°C to Kelvin.

    <p>298 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the kinetic energy of particles when the temperature of solids increases?

    <p>It increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Latent heat is released when a solid changes into a liquid.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define latent heat of fusion.

    <p>the amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As water is heated, particles start moving ______.

    <p>faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the state change with the energy change:

    <p>Solid to Liquid = Heat energy is absorbed Liquid to Gas = Heat energy is absorbed Gas to Liquid = Heat energy is released Liquid to Solid = Heat energy is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the conversion of ice to water, what happens to the temperature?

    <p>It remains constant until all the ice melts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Particles in ice at 0°C (273 K) have more energy compared to particles in water at the same temperature.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes particles to start vibrating with greater speed when solids are heated?

    <p>increase in kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the kinetic energy of particles as temperature increases?

    <p>Kinetic energy increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diffusion is the process where particles of matter separate from each other.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of heating on diffusion and why?

    <p>Heating makes diffusion faster because increased temperature increases the kinetic energy of the particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Particles of matter are constantly moving, meaning they possess __________ energy.

    <p>kinetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following materials with their expected particle attraction strength:

    <p>Iron nail = Strongest particle attraction Rubber band = Intermediate particle attraction Chalk = Weakest particle attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Activity 1.6, why is it difficult to cut the surface of water with your fingers?

    <p>Particles of matter attract each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the field game involving human chains, a group where participants hold each other very loosely represents particles with maximum force of attraction.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    <h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Change of state

    Transition of matter between solid, liquid, and gas.

    Latent heat

    Heat absorbed without showing a temperature rise during state change.

    Latent heat of fusion

    Heat needed to convert 1 kg of solid to liquid at melting point.

    Kinetic energy

    Energy of motion; increases with temperature in particles.

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    Particle movement in solids

    Vibrate in fixed positions with low kinetic energy.

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    Particle movement in liquids

    Particles move more freely but still close together.

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    Particle movement in gases

    Particles move rapidly and are far apart.

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    Phase transition

    The process of changing from one state of matter to another.

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    Temperature unit

    The unit for measuring temperature is kelvin (K).

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    Mass unit

    Mass is measured in kilograms (kg).

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    Density definition

    Density is mass per unit volume, expressed as kg/m³.

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    Pressure unit

    Pressure is measured in pascal (Pa).

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    State of water at 0°C

    At 0°C, water is in a solid state (ice).

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    Effectiveness of ice vs water

    Ice at 273 K cools more effectively than water at the same temperature.

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    Measurement of volume

    Volume is measured in cubic metres (m³).

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    Temperature Effect

    As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles also increases.

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    Diffusion

    The process where particles of matter intermingle on their own.

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    Intermixing Particles

    Particles of different types mix by moving into spaces between each other.

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    Temperature and Diffusion

    Heating substances speeds up the diffusion process.

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    Attraction of Particles

    Particles of matter attract each other, holding them together.

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    Examples of Matter

    Different forms of matter, like iron, chalk, and rubber, exhibit unique properties.

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    Experiment with Water

    Cutting the surface of water demonstrates the attraction of water particles.

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    Study Notes

    Matter in Our Surroundings

    • Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass
    • All things in the universe are composed of matter
    • Early philosophers classified matter into five basic elements (Panch Tatva)
    • Modern scientists classify matter based on physical and chemical properties

    Physical Nature of Matter

    • Matter is made up of tiny particles
    • Particles of matter have spaces between them
    • Particles of matter constantly move
    • Forces of attraction exist between particles of matter
    • The strength of these forces varies between substances.
    • The strength of the force of attraction between particles changes with temperature.

    States of Matter

    • Matter exists in three primary states: solid, liquid, gas.
    • Solids have a definite shape and volume. Particles are tightly packed.
    • Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. Particles are less tightly packed and can move around.
    • Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. Particles are widely spread out and move freely.
    • Matter can change from one state to another by adding or removing heat.
    • Melting (Solid to Liquid)
    • Freezing (Liquid to Solid)
    • Boiling (Liquid to Gas)
    • Condensation (Gas to Liquid)
    • Sublimation (Solid to Gas)
    • Deposition (Gas to Solid)

    Factors Affecting Evaporation

    • Surface area: A larger surface area increases evaporation.
    • Temperature: Higher temperatures lead to faster evaporation.
    • Humidity: Lower humidity values lead to faster evaporation.
    • Wind speed: Higher wind speeds increase evaporation.

    Evaporation and Cooling

    • Evaporation causes cooling because particles with higher kinetic energy escape from the liquid, leaving behind particles with lower kinetic energy, thus lowering the average kinetic energy.

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    Chapter 1 Matter In Our Surroundings PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of matter, including its definition, classification, and the physical nature of particles. It also covers the different states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Test your knowledge on how matter behaves and its properties!

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