Questions and Answers
What is matter?
What are the smallest parts of matter?
Atoms
What are protons?
Particles with a positive charge.
What are neutrons?
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What are electrons?
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What is an atomic number?
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What is mass number?
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What is an isotope?
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What is a compound?
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What is a bond?
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What is a covalent bond?
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What are ionic bonds?
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What are ions?
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What is a mixture?
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What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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What is a homogeneous mixture?
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What is density?
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What are solids?
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What are liquids?
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What are gases?
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Study Notes
Matter
- Matter consists of anything that possesses mass and occupies space.
- Composed of minuscule particles known as atoms.
Atoms
- Atoms represent the fundamental building blocks of matter.
- They are the smallest indivisible units of matter.
Protons
- Protons are positively charged particles found within an atom's nucleus.
Neutrons
- Neutrons are neutral particles that carry no electric charge.
Electrons
- Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic Number
- Defined as the total count of protons in an atom's nucleus, which also equals the number of electrons in the outer electron cloud.
Mass Number
- The mass number refers to the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
- For example, oxygen has a mass number of 16.
Isotope
- Isotopes are variants of the same element that have differing numbers of neutrons.
Compound
- Compounds are formed when atoms of two or more different elements chemically bond together.
Bond
- Bonds are the attractive forces that hold atoms together within compounds.
Covalent Bond
- Covalent bonds are formed through the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Ionic Bonds
- Ionic bonds occur when atoms combine by transferring charges, resulting in positively or negatively charged ions.
Ions
- Ions are atoms that carry an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
Mixture
- A mixture consists of two or more substances that are not chemically combined, allowing for separation.
Heterogeneous Mixture
- In a heterogeneous mixture, the components are not uniformly distributed, exemplified by a salad.
Homogeneous Mixture
- Also known as solutions, homogeneous mixtures exhibit uniform composition throughout, making individual components invisible.
Density
- Density is defined as mass divided by volume, with its measurement expressed in grams per cm³.
Solids
- In solids, atoms are fixed in place relative to one another, maintaining a rigid structure.
Liquids
- In liquids, atoms are attracted to each other but can move and change positions, allowing for a flowing nature.
Gases
- In gases, atoms experience minimal attractive forces, enabling them to move freely and expand to fill their container.
Plasma
- Plasma is a state of matter that is composed of charged particles but requires further definition.
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Test your knowledge of matter with this quiz on flashcards. Learn about key concepts such as atoms, protons, neutrons, and electrons. Perfect for students studying the basics of science.
