Matter: Early Philosophies & Modern Science

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements best describes the classification of matter according to early Indian philosophers?

Matter is classified based on its physical properties and chemical nature.
Matter is composed of indivisible atoms.
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
Matter is made up of five basic elements known as the 'Panch Tatva': air, earth, fire, sky, and water. (correct)

The concept of 'Panch Tatva' includes all modern elements recognized in the periodic table.

False (B)

Explain how dissolving salt in water demonstrates that matter is made up of particles.

When salt dissolves in water, its particles spread throughout the water, occupying the spaces between the water particles, which leads to uniform distribution.

According to ancient Greek philosophers, matter had a classification similar to the Indian concept of ______.

Panch Tatva Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their descriptions relating to properties of matter:

Mass = The quantity of matter in an object. Volume = The amount of space that matter occupies. Matter = Anything that occupies space and has mass. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the observation that the water level does not significantly change when salt is dissolved in it?

It suggests that salt particles occupy the spaces between water particles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Modern scientists rely solely on the 'Panch Tatva' classification system for understanding matter.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between the classification of matter by early philosophers and modern-day scientists.

Early philosophers classified matter based on fundamental elements like air, water, fire, earth, and sky, whereas modern scientists categorize matter by its physical properties and chemical nature, using tools like the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties of gases is primarily responsible for the rapid diffusion of aroma from cooked food?

High speed of gas particles and large spaces between them (C) Signup and view all the answers

The pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of a container is due to the gravitational force acting on the gas particles.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain why gases are more easily compressed compared to liquids or solids, based on the particle model of matter.

Gases are more compressible because they have much larger spaces between particles than liquids or solids. Signup and view all the answers

In Activity 1.11, the ease with which the piston is pushed into the syringe is a measure of the substance's ______.

compressibility Signup and view all the answers

Match the states of matter with their descriptions of particle arrangement and movement:

Solid = Particles are closely packed with limited movement. Liquid = Particles are closely packed but can move past each other. Gas = Particles are widely dispersed with rapid, random movement. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gases, what does diffusion rate depend on?

The speed of the particles and the space between them (C) Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the temperature of a gas will decrease the pressure it exerts on the container walls, assuming the volume and amount of gas are constant.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the random movement of gas particles contribute to the phenomenon of gas pressure?

The random movement of gas particles causes collisions with the walls of a container, and the cumulative force of these collisions over a unit area is what defines gas pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of particles?

As temperature increases, kinetic energy increases. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Diffusion is the process where particles of matter separate from each other.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rate of diffusion when matter is heated?

It becomes faster Signup and view all the answers

Particles of matter possess what we call ______ energy

kinetic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following demonstrates the strongest interparticle force?

Hammering an iron nail (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of matter, what is the significance of the 'Idu-Mishmi dancers' analogy?

Representing the strong forces holding particles together in a solid (A) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the experiment of cutting the surface of water with fingers, which property of matter is primarily being investigated?

Intermolecular forces (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the activity to the property of matter it demonstrates.

Heating a substance = Increase in kinetic energy and faster diffusion Cutting the surface of water = Forces of attraction between particles Breaking an iron nail = Strength of interparticle forces Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT directly inhibit the rate of evaporation?

Increased air pressure above the liquid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Evaporation is a process that only occurs when a liquid reaches its boiling point.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain, at a molecular level, why evaporation leads to a cooling effect in the surrounding environment.

Evaporation requires energy for liquid particles to transition into the gaseous phase. This energy is absorbed from the surrounding environment, reducing the kinetic energy and temperature of the remaining substance. Signup and view all the answers

The phenomenon where a liquid changes into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point is called ______.

evaporation Signup and view all the answers

Match the environmental condition with its effect on the rate of evaporation:

High Humidity = Decreases evaporation rate High Wind Speed = Increases evaporation rate High Temperature = Increases evaporation rate Low Humidity = Increases evaporation rate Signup and view all the answers

Consider two identical containers, one filled with water and the other with alcohol. Both are exposed to the same environmental conditions. If alcohol evaporates faster than water under these conditions, what can be inferred about alcohol's properties compared to water?

Alcohol molecules require less energy to overcome intermolecular forces than water. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the surface area of a liquid will decrease the rate of evaporation because there are more molecules to hold the liquid together

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain how wind affects the rate of evaporation and relate this effect to the concept of vapor pressure.

Wind increases the rate of evaporation by removing water vapor molecules from the air above the liquid, reducing the vapor pressure and establishing a concentration gradient that encourages further evaporation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process by which water droplets form on the outside of a glass containing ice-cold water?

Water vapor in the air loses energy upon contact with the cold glass and converts to a liquid state. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Sprinkling water on a hot roof primarily cools the surface because of water's latent heat of fusion.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain why acetone applied to the palm creates a cooling sensation.

Acetone evaporates rapidly, absorbing heat from the palm in the process. Signup and view all the answers

During evaporation, particles at the surface of a liquid gain energy equal to the latent heat of ______.

vaporization Signup and view all the answers

Match the situation with the scientific principle that explains it:

Feeling cool after applying perfume = Evaporation absorbs heat from the skin Desert coolers working well on hot, dry days = Increased evaporation rate due to low humidity Water in an earthen pot staying cool = Evaporation through pores cools the water Wearing cotton clothes in summer = Cotton absorbs sweat and facilitates evaporation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily contributes to the cooling effect of a desert cooler on a hot, dry day?

Increased evaporation rate due to low humidity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it more comfortable to wear cotton clothes in summer?

Cotton is a good absorber of water, facilitating sweat evaporation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Sipping hot tea from a saucer cools it faster because of an increased surface area for evaporation.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately contrasts the particle behavior in gases versus solids?

Gases have maximum inter-particle spaces and maximum kinetic energy, while solids have minimum inter-particle spaces and minimum kinetic energy. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The arrangement of particles in liquids is completely disordered, similar to gases.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Describe how increasing the surface area affects the rate of evaporation and explain the underlying principle.

Increasing the surface area increases the rate of evaporation because more particles are exposed to the atmosphere and can gain enough energy to escape into the vapor state. Signup and view all the answers

The direct conversion of a solid to a gaseous state is known as ______, bypassing the liquid state.

sublimation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

Boiling = A bulk phenomenon where liquid changes to vapor throughout the liquid. Evaporation = A surface phenomenon where particles gain energy to change into vapor. Sublimation = Change of solid state directly to gaseous state. Deposition = Change of gaseous state directly to solid state. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT directly influence the rate of evaporation?

Volume of the liquid (A) Signup and view all the answers

Latent heat of fusion involves the energy required for a substance to change from liquid to gas at its boiling point.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain how humidity affects the rate of evaporation and why this occurs.

Higher humidity decreases the rate of evaporation because the air is already saturated with water vapor, reducing its capacity to accept more vapor from the liquid's surface. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Matter?

Anything in the universe that occupies space and has mass.

Panch Tatva

The five basic elements according to early Indian philosophers: air, earth, fire, sky, and water.