Matter Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is an extensive property and give an example?

A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample (e.g. mass, length, height, weight).

What is an intensive property & give an example?

Independent of the amount of matter, it depends on the type of matter in a sample (e.g. color, density, melting point).

What is the difference between an extensive property and an intensive property?

An extensive property changes when the size of the sample changes, while an intensive property does not.

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space (e.g. pure substance, mixture). Signup and view all the answers

What is a pure substance?

Matter of definite and consistent composition (e.g. element, compound). Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

Two or more types of matter physically blended together (e.g. heterogeneous, homogeneous). Signup and view all the answers

What is an element?

The simplest form of matter with unique properties (e.g. Lithium, Boron). Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture that is not uniform in composition, components are not evenly distributed (e.g. pizza). Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

A chemical bond between two or more elements (e.g. NaCl, HCl). Signup and view all the answers

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture that is uniform in composition (e.g. pop, Kool-Aid). Signup and view all the answers

Describe particle movements in the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

Solids are tightly packed, barely move; liquids can slide past each other; gases are in constant motion. Signup and view all the answers

Describe physical properties of matter.

Physical properties involve the five senses and characteristics of matter. Signup and view all the answers

Describe chemical properties of matter.

Chemical properties pertain to how matter reacts, e.g. a rusty nail remains rusty. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between a physical property of matter and a chemical property.

Physical properties do not change the nature of matter; chemical properties do. Signup and view all the answers

Boiling point is a physical property.

True Signup and view all the answers

Combustibility is a physical property.

False Signup and view all the answers

Solubility is a chemical property.

False Signup and view all the answers

Color is a physical property.

True Signup and view all the answers

Ductility is a chemical property.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is ductility?

The ability of a material to sustain large permanent changes in shape without breaking. Signup and view all the answers

Describe a physical change.

A process that alters matter into new substances and cannot return to the original state. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Properties of Matter

Extensive Property: Depends on the amount of matter in a sample; examples include mass, length, height, and weight.
Intensive Property: Independent of the sample size; it depends on the type of matter and includes properties like color, density, and melting point.
Difference: Extensive properties change with sample size; intensive properties remain constant regardless of sample size.

Definition of Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It includes both pure substances and mixtures.

Pure Substances and Mixtures

Pure Substance: Matter with a definite and consistent composition, can be an element or a compound.
Mixture: Composed of two or more substances physically blended together; can be heterogeneous (not uniform) or homogeneous (uniform).

Types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixture: Components are not evenly distributed; example includes pizza.
Homogeneous Mixture: Uniform composition; examples include soft drinks like soda and Kool-Aid.

Elements and Compounds

Element: The simplest form of matter with unique properties; examples are Lithium and Boron.
Compound: A substance formed from chemical bonds between two or more elements, such as NaCl and HCl.

States of Matter

Solid: Tightly packed particles, definite shape and volume, incompressible.
Liquid: Packed particles that can slide past each other, definite volume, indefinite shape, incompressible.
Gas: Particles in constant motion, no definite shape or volume, easily compressed.

Properties of Matter

Physical Property: Observable characteristics related to the five senses; examples include the different appearances of water and ice.
Chemical Property: Describes how matter reacts; once a chemical change occurs, it typically cannot be reversed (e.g., rusting).

Differences Between Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical Properties: Do not change the nature of matter; changes are often reversible (e.g., boiling point, solubility).
Chemical Properties: Change the nature of a substance; involve irreversible changes (e.g., rusting, burning).

Identifying Properties

Boiling Point: Physical property.
Combustibility: Chemical property.
Solubility: Physical property.
Color: Physical property.
Ductility: Physical property.

Ductility

Defined as the ability of a material to deform under stress without breaking; allows materials to be drawn into wires. Materials that exhibit high ductility include gold, copper, aluminum, and steel.

Changes in Matter

Physical Change: Alters matter but does not result in new substances, often reversible.
Chemical Change: Results in new substances and is typically irreversible.

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Description

Test your understanding of chapter 3 on matter with these flashcards. Learn about extensive and intensive properties of matter along with examples. This quiz will help reinforce key concepts necessary for mastering the topic.