Physical Science - Matter Chapter 2 Quiz

<p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetic model of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brownian motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Law of Definite Proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kilogram (kg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kilograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetic Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Law of Definite Proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brownian Motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kilograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids have low kinetic energy and high attractive forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.79 g/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4.6 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.26 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, just change form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particle model of matter is the idea that matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brownian motion is the random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to collisions with atoms and molecules of the fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The law of definite proportions states that chemical reactions always have integer values for the various substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion is the process of atoms and molecules escaping from a substance and floating through the fluid to spread out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SI unit for mass is kilogram (kg).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main types of pure substances are elements and compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heterogeneous mixtures have variable proportions and can be physically separated, while homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition and cannot be easily separated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main types of particles in atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}} = \frac{560 \text{ g}}{710 \text{ mL}} \approx 0.788 \text{ g/mL}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most common state of matter in the universe is plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kinetic model of matter states that all particles are in motion. It explains the states of matter based on the kinetic energy of particles and the attractive forces between them. When the kinetic energy is less than the attractive forces, the matter is in a solid state. When the kinetic energy is approximately equal to the attractive forces, the matter is in a liquid state. When the kinetic energy is greater than the attractive forces, the matter is in a gas state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The states of matter are dependent on the kinetic energy of particles and the attractive forces between them. When the kinetic energy is less than the attractive forces, the matter is in a solid state. When the kinetic energy is approximately equal to the attractive forces, the matter is in a liquid state. When the kinetic energy is greater than the attractive forces, the matter is in a gas state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature affects the kinetic energy of particles. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases. This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical changes in matter do not involve the formation of a new substance. Examples of physical changes include changes in state (solid, liquid, gas), changes in shape, and changes in size. Chemical changes, on the other hand, involve the formation of a new substance with different chemical properties. Examples of chemical changes include the production of gas, changes in color, and changes in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical properties of substances are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance. Examples of physical properties include ductility (ability to be drawn into a wire), malleability (ability to be hammered into thin sheets), conductivity (ability to conduct electricity), luster (shininess), and density (mass per unit volume).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical properties of substances describe how a substance changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions. Examples of chemical properties include reactivity (ability to undergo chemical reactions) and flammability (ability to burn).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change form. In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The density of a substance is calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. In this case, the mass of the wood block is 560 g and the volume is 710 mL. Therefore, the density can be calculated as follows: [density = \frac{mass},{volume} = \frac{560,g},{710,mL}]</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The volume of a substance can be calculated by dividing its mass by its density. In this case, the mass of the silver lump is 48 g and the density of silver is 10.49 g/mL. Therefore, the volume can be calculated as follows: [volume = \frac{mass},{density} = \frac{48,g},{10.49,g/mL}]</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass of a substance can be calculated by multiplying its volume by its density. In this case, the volume of the dry ice brick is 1.45 liters (which can be converted to milliliters) and the density of dry ice is 1.561 g/mL. Therefore, the mass can be calculated as follows: [mass = volume \times density = 1.45,L \times 1.561,g/mL]</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>density</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brownian motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Law of Definite Proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>kinetic model of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>kilogram (kg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>elements and compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>kinetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>kinetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>attractive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fixed, fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fixed, changeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>changeable, changeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid = Fixed volume and shape, low compressibility, high density Liquid = Fixed volume, changeable shape, low compressibility, intermediate density Gas = Changeable volume and shape, high compressibility, low density Plasma = Gas-like state, high energy, high temperature ions and free electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$K.E. &lt; A.F.$ = Solid $K.E. ≈ A.F.$ = Liquid $K.E. &gt; A.F.$ = Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical Properties = Reactivity, Flammability Physical Properties = Ductility, Malleability, Conductivity, Luster, State, Triple Point, Texture, Color, Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$d = \frac{m}{V}$ = Density $V = \frac{m}{d}$ = Volume $m = V∙d$ = Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid = No Liquid = Yes Gas = Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid = Close Liquid = Close Gas = Widely spaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid = Vibrates in place Liquid = Slides past each other Gas = High speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Law of Conservation of Matter = Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, just change form Chemical Properties = How a substance changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions Physical Properties = Anything about a substance that can be observed or measured without altering the substance’s chemical composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particle model of matter = Leads to the idea of atoms Brownian motion = Random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to collisions with atoms and molecules of the fluid Law of Definite Proportions = Chemical reactions always have integer values for the various substances Diffusion = Atoms and molecules escaping from the substance and floating through the fluid to spread out</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass = Amount of matter in an object Weight = Measure of gravity acting on that object Density = Mass divided by volume Volume = The space matters takes up</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elements = U, Fe, H Compounds = H20, C12H22O11 Heterogeneous mixtures = Granite, rocky road ice cream, Italian dressing Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) = Tea, smoothie, steel, salt water, air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms = Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Molecules = Combinations of atoms with covalent bonds Crystals = Ionic bonds in a lattice structure Mixtures = Physically combined substances in variable proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$m = dV$ = Mass is density times volume $V = \frac{m}{d}$ = Volume is mass divided by density $d = \frac{m}{V}$ = Density is mass divided by volume $m = Vd$ = Mass is volume times density</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass = Kilogram (kg) Weight = Newtons (N) Density = Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) Volume = Cubic meter (m³)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pure Substances = Elements or compounds Elements = One type of atom Compounds = Molecular and ionic chemically combined Mixtures = Heterogeneous and Homogeneous physically combined substances</p> Signup and view all the answers