Physical Science - Matter Chapter 2 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to collisions with atoms and molecules of the fluid?

  • Density
  • Brownian motion (correct)
  • Volume
  • Mass

    • What is the SI unit for mass?

  • Pound
  • Gram
  • Newton
  • Kilogram (correct)

    • What is the space that matter takes up called?

  • Volume (correct)
  • Weight
  • Mass
  • Density

    • What is the measure of gravity called?

    <p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for combinations of atoms with covalent bonds?

    <p>Molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particle model of matter also called?

    <p>Kinetic model of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to collisions with atoms and molecules of the fluid?

    <p>Brownian motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law that states that chemical reactions always have integer values for the various substances?

    <p>Law of Definite Proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for mass?

    <p>Kilogram (kg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of gravity called?

    <p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the amount of matter in an object?

    <p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for mass?

    <p>Kilograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the space that matter takes up called?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of gravity acting on an object called?

    <p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particle model of matter also called?

    <p>Kinetic Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law that states that chemical reactions always have integer values for the various substances?

    <p>Law of Definite Proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to collisions with atoms and molecules of the fluid?

    <p>Brownian Motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for combinations of atoms with covalent bonds?

    <p>Molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of gravity acting on an object called?

    <p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for mass?

    <p>Kilograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of gravity acting on an object called?

    <p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the states of matter is correct?

    <p>Solids have low kinetic energy and high attractive forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of a block of wood that has a mass of 560 g and a volume of 710 mL?

    <p>0.79 g/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of a lump of silver with a mass of 48 grams? The density of silver is 10.49 g/mL.

    <p>4.6 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass (in kg) of a brick of dry ice that is 1.45 liters? The density of dry ice (solid CO2) is 1.561 g/mL.

    <p>2.26 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?

    <p>Ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical property of a substance?

    <p>Reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of matter has the highest kinetic energy and widely spaced particles?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of matter has a fixed volume but a changeable shape?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the law of conservation of matter?

    <p>Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, just change form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common state of matter in the universe?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Density is calculated by dividing mass by volume?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The particle model of matter leads to the idea of atoms?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Brownian motion is the random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to collisions with atoms and molecules of the fluid?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The law of definite proportions states that chemical reactions always have fractional values for the various substances?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Diffusion is the process of atoms and molecules escaping from a substance and spreading out through a fluid?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The particle model of matter is also called the kinetic model of matter?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three main types of particles in atoms?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Molecules are combinations of atoms with ionic bonds?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Pure substances can be classified as elements or compounds?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The kinetic model states that all particles are in motion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Liquids have a fixed volume but a changeable shape.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Gases have a changeable volume and a changeable shape.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The law of conservation of matter states that matter can be created and destroyed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Chemical properties describe how a substance changes in the presence of another substance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Physical properties can be observed or measured without altering the substance's chemical composition.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The density of a block of wood with a mass of 560 g and a volume of 710 mL is 0.79 g/mL.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The mass of a brick of dry ice that is 1.45 liters is 2.26 kg.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particle model of matter?

    <p>The particle model of matter is the idea that matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Brownian motion?

    <p>Brownian motion is the random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to collisions with atoms and molecules of the fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of definite proportions?

    <p>The law of definite proportions states that chemical reactions always have integer values for the various substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion?

    <p>Diffusion is the process of atoms and molecules escaping from a substance and floating through the fluid to spread out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for mass?

    <p>The SI unit for mass is kilogram (kg).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of pure substances?

    <p>The two main types of pure substances are elements and compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?

    <p>Heterogeneous mixtures have variable proportions and can be physically separated, while homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition and cannot be easily separated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of particles in atoms?

    <p>The three main types of particles in atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of a block of wood with a mass of 560 g and a volume of 710 mL?

    <p>$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}} = \frac{560 \text{ g}}{710 \text{ mL}} \approx 0.788 \text{ g/mL}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common state of matter in the universe?

    <p>The most common state of matter in the universe is plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of kinetic model of matter.

    <p>The kinetic model of matter states that all particles are in motion. It explains the states of matter based on the kinetic energy of particles and the attractive forces between them. When the kinetic energy is less than the attractive forces, the matter is in a solid state. When the kinetic energy is approximately equal to the attractive forces, the matter is in a liquid state. When the kinetic energy is greater than the attractive forces, the matter is in a gas state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors determine the states of matter?

    <p>The states of matter are dependent on the kinetic energy of particles and the attractive forces between them. When the kinetic energy is less than the attractive forces, the matter is in a solid state. When the kinetic energy is approximately equal to the attractive forces, the matter is in a liquid state. When the kinetic energy is greater than the attractive forces, the matter is in a gas state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temperature affect the kinetic energy of particles?

    <p>Temperature affects the kinetic energy of particles. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases. This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between physical and chemical changes in matter?

    <p>Physical changes in matter do not involve the formation of a new substance. Examples of physical changes include changes in state (solid, liquid, gas), changes in shape, and changes in size. Chemical changes, on the other hand, involve the formation of a new substance with different chemical properties. Examples of chemical changes include the production of gas, changes in color, and changes in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of physical properties of substances?

    <p>Physical properties of substances are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance. Examples of physical properties include ductility (ability to be drawn into a wire), malleability (ability to be hammered into thin sheets), conductivity (ability to conduct electricity), luster (shininess), and density (mass per unit volume).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of chemical properties of substances?

    <p>Chemical properties of substances describe how a substance changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions. Examples of chemical properties include reactivity (ability to undergo chemical reactions) and flammability (ability to burn).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of conservation of matter?

    <p>The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change form. In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of a block of wood with a mass of 560 g and a volume of 710 mL?

    <p>The density of a substance is calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. In this case, the mass of the wood block is 560 g and the volume is 710 mL. Therefore, the density can be calculated as follows: [density = \frac{mass},{volume} = \frac{560,g},{710,mL}]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of a lump of silver with a mass of 48 grams? The density of silver is 10.49 g/mL.

    <p>The volume of a substance can be calculated by dividing its mass by its density. In this case, the mass of the silver lump is 48 g and the density of silver is 10.49 g/mL. Therefore, the volume can be calculated as follows: [volume = \frac{mass},{density} = \frac{48,g},{10.49,g/mL}]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of a brick of dry ice that has a volume of 1.45 liters? The density of dry ice is 1.561 g/mL.

    <p>The mass of a substance can be calculated by multiplying its volume by its density. In this case, the volume of the dry ice brick is 1.45 liters (which can be converted to milliliters) and the density of dry ice is 1.561 g/mL. Therefore, the mass can be calculated as follows: [mass = volume \times density = 1.45,L \times 1.561,g/mL]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anything that has mass and takes up space is called

    <p>matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of matter in an object is called

    <p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The space matter takes up is called

    <p>volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mass divided by volume is called

    <p>density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to collisions with atoms and molecules of the fluid is called

    <p>Brownian motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical reactions always have integer values for the various substances according to the

    <p>Law of Definite Proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atoms and molecules escaping from a substance and floating through the fluid to spread out is called

    <p>diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The particle model of matter is also known as the

    <p>kinetic model of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SI unit for mass is

    <p>kilogram (kg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pure substances are classified into

    <p>elements and compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the kinetic model of matter, states of matter are dependent on the ______ energy of particles (K.E.) and the attractive forces of the particles (A.F.).

    <p>kinetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the kinetic energy of particles (K.E.) is less than the attractive forces (A.F.), the state of matter is ______.

    <p>solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the kinetic energy of particles (K.E.) is approximately equal to the attractive forces (A.F.), the state of matter is ______.

    <p>liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the kinetic energy of particles (K.E.) is greater than the attractive forces (A.F.), the state of matter is ______.

    <p>gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temperature of a substance determines the ______ energy of its particles.

    <p>kinetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Different substances have different states at a particular temperature due to the ______ forces within the elements or compounds.

    <p>attractive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Solids have a ______ volume, a ______ shape, and low compressibility.

    <p>fixed, fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liquids have a ______ volume, a ______ shape, and low compressibility.

    <p>fixed, changeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gases have a ______ volume, a ______ shape, and high compressibility.

    <p>changeable, changeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma is a ______-like state of matter that consists of high energy, high temperature ions and free electrons.

    <p>gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following states of matter with their characteristics:

    <p>Solid = Fixed volume and shape, low compressibility, high density Liquid = Fixed volume, changeable shape, low compressibility, intermediate density Gas = Changeable volume and shape, high compressibility, low density Plasma = Gas-like state, high energy, high temperature ions and free electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with the corresponding state of matter:

    <p>$K.E. &lt; A.F.$ = Solid $K.E. ≈ A.F.$ = Liquid $K.E. &gt; A.F.$ = Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of properties with their examples:

    <p>Chemical Properties = Reactivity, Flammability Physical Properties = Ductility, Malleability, Conductivity, Luster, State, Triple Point, Texture, Color, Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following equations with their corresponding concepts:

    <p>$d = \frac{m}{V}$ = Density $V = \frac{m}{d}$ = Volume $m = V∙d$ = Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following states of matter with their fluidity:

    <p>Solid = No Liquid = Yes Gas = Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following states of matter with their particle spacing:

    <p>Solid = Close Liquid = Close Gas = Widely spaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following states of matter with their particle motion:

    <p>Solid = Vibrates in place Liquid = Slides past each other Gas = High speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Law of Conservation of Matter = Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, just change form Chemical Properties = How a substance changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions Physical Properties = Anything about a substance that can be observed or measured without altering the substance’s chemical composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Particle model of matter = Leads to the idea of atoms Brownian motion = Random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to collisions with atoms and molecules of the fluid Law of Definite Proportions = Chemical reactions always have integer values for the various substances Diffusion = Atoms and molecules escaping from the substance and floating through the fluid to spread out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Mass = Amount of matter in an object Weight = Measure of gravity acting on that object Density = Mass divided by volume Volume = The space matters takes up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of matter to their examples:

    <p>Elements = U, Fe, H Compounds = H20, C12H22O11 Heterogeneous mixtures = Granite, rocky road ice cream, Italian dressing Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) = Tea, smoothie, steel, salt water, air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures to their components:

    <p>Atoms = Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Molecules = Combinations of atoms with covalent bonds Crystals = Ionic bonds in a lattice structure Mixtures = Physically combined substances in variable proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following formulas to their corresponding definitions:

    <p>$m = dV$ = Mass is density times volume $V = \frac{m}{d}$ = Volume is mass divided by density $d = \frac{m}{V}$ = Density is mass divided by volume $m = Vd$ = Mass is volume times density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their SI Units:

    <p>Mass = Kilogram (kg) Weight = Newtons (N) Density = Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) Volume = Cubic meter (m³)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of substances to their definitions:

    <p>Pure Substances = Elements or compounds Elements = One type of atom Compounds = Molecular and ionic chemically combined Mixtures = Heterogeneous and Homogeneous physically combined substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Basic Concepts of Matter

    • Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space.
    • The amount of matter in an object is referred to as mass.
    • The space that matter occupies is known as volume.
    • Density is calculated by dividing mass by volume (Density = Mass/Volume).
    • The SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg).
    • The measure of gravity acting on an object is called weight.

    Particle Motion and Laws

    • Brownian motion describes the random movement of tiny particles in a fluid caused by collisions with atoms and molecules.
    • The kinetic model of matter explains that states of matter depend on the kinetic energy (K.E.) and the attractive forces (A.F.) among particles.
    • According to the law of definite proportions, chemical reactions result in substances having integer values for their ratios.

    States of Matter

    • Solids have a fixed volume, fixed shape, and low compressibility; their particles are closely spaced and vibrate in place.
    • Liquids possess a fixed volume but take the shape of their container; their particles are less tightly packed compared to solids and can slide past one another.
    • Gases have neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape, and they are highly compressible; the particles are widely spaced and move freely.
    • Plasma is a high-energy, ionized state of matter formed at high temperatures, consisting of ions and free electrons.

    Properties of Substances

    • Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition. Examples include color, melting point, and density.
    • Chemical properties describe how a substance interacts with other substances, leading to chemical changes, such as reactivity and flammability.

    Types of Substances

    • Pure substances can be classified as elements (simple substances) or compounds (combinations of different elements).
    • Mixtures are categorized as heterogeneous (different compositions) or homogeneous (uniform composition).

    Key Equations and Measurements

    • The density of a substance can be calculated with the formula: Density = Mass/Volume.
    • For a block of wood with a mass of 560 g and a volume of 710 mL, the density is approximately 0.79 g/mL.
    • The volume of a lump of silver with a mass of 48 grams can be derived from its known density of 10.49 g/mL.
    • To find the mass of a brick of dry ice with a volume of 1.45 liters and density of 1.561 g/mL, convert liters to mL (1.45 L = 1450 mL) and apply the density formula.

    Conservation and Reaction Laws

    • The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
    • The laws governing chemical reactions indicate that matter is transformed but the total mass remains constant.

    True or False Statements

    • Matter possesses mass and volume (True).
    • Density is mass divided by volume (True).
    • The particle model of matter suggests particles are in constant motion (True).
    • The law of definite proportions states that chemical reactions always lead to integer values (False; it states that fixed ratios exist).

    Impact of Temperature on States of Matter

    • Temperature influences the kinetic energy of particles; higher temperature generally increases kinetic energy.
    • When K.E. < A.F., matter is in solid form.
    • When K.E. ≈ A.F., matter exists as a liquid.
    • When K.E. > A.F., matter is in gaseous form.

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    Test your knowledge of Matter Chapter 2 with this quiz! Explore concepts such as mass, volume, density, the particle model of matter, Brownian motion, and more. Sharpen your understanding of atoms and molecules and their role in the behavior of matter.

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