Matter, Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

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Questions and Answers

A scientist is analyzing a sample and finds that it contains two distinct phases: solid particles mixed within a liquid. Which type of mixture is this MOST likely to be?

Element
Pure compound
Heterogeneous mixture (correct)
Homogeneous mixture

Which of the following BEST describes the formation of an ionic compound?

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. (correct)
Covalent bond formation between a metal and a nonmetal.
Sharing of electrons between two nonmetal atoms.
Delocalization of electrons within a metal lattice.

In a chemical reaction, 5 grams of reactant A completely reacts with reactant B to produce 10 grams of product C. If 15 grams of reactant A is used, how much of product C will be produced, assuming reactant B is in excess and the reaction goes to completion?

5 grams
30 grams (correct)
10 grams
20 grams

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of hydronium ions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Dry ice (solid $CO_2$) undergoes a phase transition directly from solid to gas. What is this process called?

Sublimation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Two atoms, X and Y, form a covalent bond. Atom X has a higher electronegativity than atom Y. Which statement BEST describes the bond between X and Y?

The bond is polar covalent, with electrons pulled closer to atom X. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH)?

Carboxylic acid (D) Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction releases heat into the surroundings. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding this reaction?

The reaction is exothermic and has a negative enthalpy change. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the temperature of a chemical reaction typically increases the reaction rate. How does increasing temperature lead to a faster reaction?

It provides more molecules with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Consider a reversible reaction at equilibrium: $A + B ightleftharpoons C$. If more of reactant A is added to the system, what will happen to the equilibrium?

The equilibrium will shift to the right, favoring the formation of products. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does stirring a solid solute in a liquid solvent increase the rate of dissolution?

Stirring removes the layer of high solute concentration that builds around the solid, allowing fresh solvent to contact the solid. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

Saltwater (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Covalent bond (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect reaction rate?

Volume of the container (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a reaction is at equilibrium, what is true about the rates of the forward and reverse reactions?

The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

What is an element?

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.