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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a physical change?
Which of the following is NOT considered a physical change?
- Melting an ice cube
- Burning a piece of wood (correct)
- Cutting a piece of paper
- Dissolving sugar in water
A pure substance has a specific $
ho$ (density) that is independent of the _____.
A pure substance has a specific $ ho$ (density) that is independent of the _____.
- mass of the sample
- volume of the sample
- shape of the sample
- All of the above (correct)
What is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid known as?
What is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid known as?
- Melting point
- Freezing point (correct)
- Condensation point
- Boiling point
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metals?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metals?
Which of the following is NOT an evidence of a chemical change?
Which of the following is NOT an evidence of a chemical change?
The temperature at which a liquid boils and changes to a gas is known as the _____.
The temperature at which a liquid boils and changes to a gas is known as the _____.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the alkaline earth metals?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the alkaline earth metals?
Which property is associated with the horizontal rows (periods) of the periodic table?
Which property is associated with the horizontal rows (periods) of the periodic table?
What is the defining characteristic of the halogens?
What is the defining characteristic of the halogens?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the noble gases?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the noble gases?
How do the properties of elements change as you move down a group (column) in the periodic table?
How do the properties of elements change as you move down a group (column) in the periodic table?
Which of the following is a characteristic of chemical families (groups) on the periodic table?
Which of the following is a characteristic of chemical families (groups) on the periodic table?
What property describes how compact or closely packed the molecules of a substance are?
What property describes how compact or closely packed the molecules of a substance are?
At what temperature does pure water boil and freeze?
At what temperature does pure water boil and freeze?
Which of the following statements about metals is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about metals is NOT true?
Which group of elements on the periodic table is known for being the most reactive metals?
Which group of elements on the periodic table is known for being the most reactive metals?
What distinguishes metalloids from metals and non-metals?
What distinguishes metalloids from metals and non-metals?
Which of the following best describes a physical change?
Which of the following best describes a physical change?
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Study Notes
Matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes space.
- Matter is made of many materials.
Types of Matter
- Pure Substances: one type of atom.
- Mixtures: multiple types of atoms.
- Mechanical Mixtures: visible different kinds of matter in the mixture.
- Solutions: a mixture of two or more substances.
Physical Properties
- Describe observable properties of a substance.
- Examples: texture, color, smell, size, mass.
- Qualitative observations: made using our senses, descriptive but not very accurate.
- Quantitative observations: require a measuring tool or counting accurately.
Chemical Properties
- Refer to how reactive a substance is.
- Examples: flammability, combustion, oxidation, reactivity.
Physical Changes
- No new substance is formed.
- Evidence of physical change:
- Change of state.
- Dissolving.
- Cutting.
- Breaking.
- Ripping.
Chemical Changes
- A new substance is formed with new properties.
- Evidence of chemical change:
- Change in color.
- Gas forms (odor, bubbles & foam).
- Change in temperature or light (change in energy).
- A precipitate forms using two liquids.
Alkaline Earth Metals
- Found in column 2 of the periodic table.
- Have 2 outer (valence) electrons, making them very reactive.
- Do not exist by themselves in nature.
Halogens
- Found in column 17 of the periodic table.
- Halogen means 'salt former', and compounds containing halogens are called 'salts'.
- Have 7 electrons in their valence shells.
- Will react with other chemicals to form compounds.
- Exist at room temperature in all three states of matter.
Noble Gases
- Found in column 18 of the periodic table.
- Rarely react with other elements because their outer valence shell is full.
- Very stable as a result.
- Exist as single atoms in their elemental form.
Periodic Table
- Chemical families (columns): vertical columns that signify the number of valence electrons in an element.
- Periods (rows): horizontal columns that signify the number of electron shells in an element.
Properties of Substances
- Density: how compact or together molecules are. Requires mass (g) and volume (l, ml) to calculate.
- Freezing point, melting point, and boiling point: temperature at which change of state happens.
- Pure water: boils at 100°C and freezes at 0°C.
Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids
- Metals: found on the left side of the periodic table, solids at room temperature, shiny, soft, malleable, ductile, bendable, and react with acids, conduct heat and electricity.
- Non-Metals: found on the right side of the periodic table, dull, solids and gases at room temperature, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- Metalloids: found between metals and non-metals, shiny and dull, solids at room temperature, brittle, and may conduct electricity but are poor conductors of heat.
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