Matter and Physical Properties Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a physical change?

Melting an ice cube

Burning a piece of wood (correct)

Cutting a piece of paper

Dissolving sugar in water

A pure substance has a specific $ ho$ (density) that is independent of the _____.

mass of the sample

volume of the sample

shape of the sample

All of the above (correct)

What is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid known as?

Melting point

Freezing point (correct)

Condensation point

Boiling point

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metals?

Brittle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an evidence of a chemical change?

Dissolving a substance in water Signup and view all the answers

The temperature at which a liquid boils and changes to a gas is known as the _____.

Boiling point Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the alkaline earth metals?

They have 2 valence electrons and are highly reactive Signup and view all the answers

Which property is associated with the horizontal rows (periods) of the periodic table?

The number of electron shells Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of the halogens?

They have 7 valence electrons and form compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the noble gases?

They are very stable due to their full valence electron shells Signup and view all the answers

How do the properties of elements change as you move down a group (column) in the periodic table?

The number of electron shells increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of chemical families (groups) on the periodic table?

They have the same number of valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What property describes how compact or closely packed the molecules of a substance are?

Density Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does pure water boil and freeze?

Water boils at 100°C and freezes at 0°C. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about metals is NOT true?

Metals are dull in appearance and brittle. Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements on the periodic table is known for being the most reactive metals?

Alkali metals Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes metalloids from metals and non-metals?

Metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a physical change?

A process that changes the state of matter without altering its chemical composition. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and takes space.
Matter is made of many materials.

Types of Matter

Pure Substances: one type of atom.
Mixtures: multiple types of atoms.
Mechanical Mixtures: visible different kinds of matter in the mixture.
Solutions: a mixture of two or more substances.

Physical Properties

Describe observable properties of a substance.
Examples: texture, color, smell, size, mass.
Qualitative observations: made using our senses, descriptive but not very accurate.
Quantitative observations: require a measuring tool or counting accurately.

Chemical Properties

Refer to how reactive a substance is.
Examples: flammability, combustion, oxidation, reactivity.

Physical Changes

No new substance is formed.
Evidence of physical change:
- Change of state.
- Dissolving.
- Cutting.
- Breaking.
- Ripping.

Chemical Changes

A new substance is formed with new properties.
Evidence of chemical change:
- Change in color.
- Gas forms (odor, bubbles & foam).
- Change in temperature or light (change in energy).
- A precipitate forms using two liquids.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Found in column 2 of the periodic table.
Have 2 outer (valence) electrons, making them very reactive.
Do not exist by themselves in nature.

Halogens

Found in column 17 of the periodic table.
Halogen means 'salt former', and compounds containing halogens are called 'salts'.
Have 7 electrons in their valence shells.
Will react with other chemicals to form compounds.
Exist at room temperature in all three states of matter.

Noble Gases

Found in column 18 of the periodic table.
Rarely react with other elements because their outer valence shell is full.
Very stable as a result.
Exist as single atoms in their elemental form.

Periodic Table

Chemical families (columns): vertical columns that signify the number of valence electrons in an element.
Periods (rows): horizontal columns that signify the number of electron shells in an element.

Properties of Substances

Density: how compact or together molecules are. Requires mass (g) and volume (l, ml) to calculate.
Freezing point, melting point, and boiling point: temperature at which change of state happens.
Pure water: boils at 100°C and freezes at 0°C.

Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids

Metals: found on the left side of the periodic table, solids at room temperature, shiny, soft, malleable, ductile, bendable, and react with acids, conduct heat and electricity.
Non-Metals: found on the right side of the periodic table, dull, solids and gases at room temperature, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Metalloids: found between metals and non-metals, shiny and dull, solids at room temperature, brittle, and may conduct electricity but are poor conductors of heat.

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Description

Test your knowledge on matter, pure substances, mechanical mixtures, solutions, and physical properties such as qualitative and quantitative traits of substances. Explore the different types of matter and their observable properties.