Matter and Particles

Matter

• Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.
• Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
• Matter is made up of tiny particles called molecules.

Particles

• Particles are the building blocks of matter.
• There are three types of particles:
  1. Atoms: The smallest unit of an element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  2. Molecules: A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
  3. Ions: Atoms or groups of atoms with an electric charge.

Elements

• An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom.
• Elements are represented by symbols, such as H for hydrogen and C for carbon.
• There are 118 known elements, and they are organized in the periodic table.

Compounds

• A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements.
• Compounds have properties different from their constituent elements.
• Examples of compounds include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sugar (C6H12O6).

Mixtures

• A mixture is a blend of two or more substances, which can be separated by physical means.
• Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (non-uniform composition).
• Examples of mixtures include air (a mixture of gases), soil (a mixture of minerals and organic matter), and blood (a mixture of water, salts, and cells).

Matter

• Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
• Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
• Matter is composed of tiny particles called molecules.

Particles

• Particles are the building blocks of matter.
• There are three types of particles:
• Atoms: The smallest unit of an element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Molecules: A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
• Ions: Atoms or groups of atoms with an electric charge.

Elements

• An element is a substance consisting of only one type of atom.
• Elements are represented by unique symbols, such as H for hydrogen and C for carbon.
• There are 118 known elements, organized in the periodic table.

Compounds

• A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements.
• Compounds have properties different from their constituent elements.
• Examples of compounds include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sugar (C6H12O6).

Mixtures

• A mixture is a blend of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means.
• Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (non-uniform composition).
• Examples of mixtures include air (a mixture of gases), soil (a mixture of minerals and organic matter), and blood (a mixture of water, salts, and cells).