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Questions and Answers
Which of the following methods can be used to separate a mixture based on particle size?
Which of the following methods can be used to separate a mixture based on particle size?
- Filtration (correct)
- Chromatography
- Centrifuging
- Magnetism
What is true about homogeneous mixtures?
What is true about homogeneous mixtures?
- They are composed of chemically bonded elements.
- They can contain only one substance.
- They can be separated by filtration.
- They have a uniform composition throughout. (correct)
Which of the following is an example of a physical property?
Which of the following is an example of a physical property?
- Reacts with acids
- Density (correct)
- Reacts with O2
- Burns
What does the Law of Constant Composition state?
What does the Law of Constant Composition state?
Which prefix means $10^{-3}$ in the metric system?
Which prefix means $10^{-3}$ in the metric system?
Flashcards
Mass
Mass
The amount of matter in an object.
Mixture
Mixture
A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically bonded.
Distillation
Distillation
A technique that separates mixtures based on the different boiling points of the components.
Physical Property
Physical Property
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Density
Density
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Study Notes
Matter and Mixtures
- Matter has mass and occupies space (volume).
- Matter can be categorized as either a pure substance or a mixture.
- Pure substances are further classified into elements and compounds.
- Mixtures are combinations of two or more pure substances not chemically bonded.
Mixture Separation Methods
- Filtration: Separates mixtures based on particle size differences.
- Distillation: Separates mixtures based on differences in boiling points.
- Centrifuging: Separates mixtures based on differing densities.
- Magnetism: Separates magnetic materials (iron, cobalt, nickel).
- Chromatography: Separates mixtures based on differences in polarity.
Properties of Matter
- Physical Properties: Characteristics that describe a substance without changing its identity.
- Examples: taste, smell, molar mass, density, melting point, boiling point, freezing point.
- Chemical Properties: Describe a substance's reactivity with other substances.
- Examples: reactivity with oxygen, acids, bases; ability to burn.
Density
- Density is calculated as mass divided by volume (D = m/v).
Compounds
- A compound is formed when two or more different elements chemically bond together.
- The Law of Constant Composition states that a specific compound always contains the same elements in a fixed ratio.
Diatomic Elements
- Seven elements exist as diatomic molecules: bromine (Brâ‚‚), iodine (Iâ‚‚), nitrogen (Nâ‚‚), chlorine (Clâ‚‚), hydrogen (Hâ‚‚), oxygen (Oâ‚‚), and fluorine (Fâ‚‚).
Mixtures
- Heterogeneous Mixtures: Composition is not uniform throughout.
- Homogeneous Mixtures: Composition is uniform throughout.
Prefixes
- Kilo (k): 103
- Centi (c): 10-2
- Milli (m): 10-3
Significant Figures (Sig Figs)
- Addition/Subtraction: The result can't have more decimal places than the measurement with the fewest decimal places.
- Multiplication/Division: The result can't have more significant figures than the measurement with the fewest significant figures.
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