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Questions and Answers
What type of bond is formed from the sharing of outer electrons between non-metal atoms?
What type of bond is formed from the sharing of outer electrons between non-metal atoms?
Ionic compounds have lower melting points compared to covalent compounds.
Ionic compounds have lower melting points compared to covalent compounds.
False
What is the primary role of iron ions in the body?
What is the primary role of iron ions in the body?
Carry oxygen in the blood
Ionic compounds are known to ________ in water and conduct electricity.
Ionic compounds are known to ________ in water and conduct electricity.
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Match the following types of bonds with their properties:
Match the following types of bonds with their properties:
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Which of the following states of matter has a definite shape?
Which of the following states of matter has a definite shape?
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Gases can easily be compressed.
Gases can easily be compressed.
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What is the formula for density?
What is the formula for density?
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A __________ is made from two or more elements that are chemically combined.
A __________ is made from two or more elements that are chemically combined.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of liquids?
Which of the following is a characteristic of liquids?
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Match the state of matter to its property:
Match the state of matter to its property:
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Pure substances are made up of multiple types of particles.
Pure substances are made up of multiple types of particles.
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What is sublimation?
What is sublimation?
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What type of mixture can be separated through filter paper?
What type of mixture can be separated through filter paper?
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A solution is a heterogeneous mixture.
A solution is a heterogeneous mixture.
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What is an example of a colloid?
What is an example of a colloid?
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A solid solution of two or more metals is known as an _____
A solid solution of two or more metals is known as an _____
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Match the following examples with their appropriate categories:
Match the following examples with their appropriate categories:
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a physical property?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a physical property?
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What charge do electrons carry?
What charge do electrons carry?
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Chemical properties can only be observed during a chemical change.
Chemical properties can only be observed during a chemical change.
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Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
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What is the formula for calculating density?
What is the formula for calculating density?
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Who created the first periodic table?
Who created the first periodic table?
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The __________ model describes electrons orbiting the nucleus and can jump between different energy levels.
The __________ model describes electrons orbiting the nucleus and can jump between different energy levels.
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The _____ is the central dense core of an atom.
The _____ is the central dense core of an atom.
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Match the subatomic particles with their properties:
Match the subatomic particles with their properties:
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What does an exothermic reaction produce?
What does an exothermic reaction produce?
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Alloys are pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically joined together.
Alloys are pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically joined together.
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What term describes the outer shell of an atom that contains valence electrons?
What term describes the outer shell of an atom that contains valence electrons?
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Name one example of a chemical change.
Name one example of a chemical change.
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All metals are malleable and good conductors of heat and electricity.
All metals are malleable and good conductors of heat and electricity.
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The ability to allow light through is known as ______.
The ability to allow light through is known as ______.
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What are diatomic elements?
What are diatomic elements?
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The mass of a neutron is approximately equal to the mass of a ________.
The mass of a neutron is approximately equal to the mass of a ________.
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What property describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent?
What property describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent?
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In a neutral atom, how do the number of protons compare to the number of electrons?
In a neutral atom, how do the number of protons compare to the number of electrons?
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Match the theorist with their contribution to atomic theory:
Match the theorist with their contribution to atomic theory:
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Metalloids are typically shiny and good conductors of electricity.
Metalloids are typically shiny and good conductors of electricity.
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What is the significance of an ion's charge?
What is the significance of an ion's charge?
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The ________ number in the periodic table indicates the number of protons in an atom.
The ________ number in the periodic table indicates the number of protons in an atom.
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What happens to an atom's stability when it gains or loses electrons?
What happens to an atom's stability when it gains or loses electrons?
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Study Notes
Matter and its Properties
- Matter: Anything with mass and volume.
- Mass: Measure of matter, measured in kg or g.
- Volume: Space an object occupies, measured in L or mL.
- Density: Mass divided by volume.
- Particle Theory of Matter: Matter composed of tiny particles with spaces between. Particles move faster and further apart with increasing temperature. They attract each other.
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States of Matter:
- Solids: Rigid, definite shape, closely packed, regularly arranged particles, less movement. Little expansion with heating, not easily compressed.
- Liquids: Flow, take container shape, randomly oriented molecules, slight expansion with heating, slight compression.
- Gases: Low density, fill entire container, expand infinitely, easily compressed, molecules far apart.
- Plasma: High energy state, often a gas subset, no fixed shape or volume, ionized particles.
- Phase Changes: Sublimation (solid to gas), deposition (gas to solid), condensation (gas to liquid), evaporation (liquid to gas), melting (solid to liquid), freezing (liquid to solid).
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Pure Substances:
- Elements: Cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means.
- Compounds: Made of two or more elements chemically joined.
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Mixtures: Two or more pure substances physically combined.
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Heterogeneous Mixtures: Different substances visually distinguishable. Examples: mixed nuts, salad.
- Mechanical Mixtures: Similar to heterogeneous.
- Suspensions: Cloudy mixtures where one substance's particles are held within another. Separable by filtration. Examples: tomato juice, salad dressing.
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Homogeneous Mixtures: Uniform distribution of components. Example: clear apple juice, salt water.
- Solutions: One substance dissolved in another.
- Colloids: Tiny particles of one substance dispersed throughout another. Example: milk, butter.
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Heterogeneous Mixtures: Different substances visually distinguishable. Examples: mixed nuts, salad.
- Alloys: Solid solutions of two or more metals.
- Water's Unusual Behaviour: Liquid water is denser than solid water (ice). Ice floats because of its hexagonal structure.
Physical and Chemical Properties
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Physical Properties: Characteristics observed without changing substance composition, using the senses.
- Optical Clarity: Ability to transmit light. Transparent (all light), translucent (some light), opaque (no light).
- Brittleness: Shatters easily.
- Flexibility: Ability to bend.
- Viscosity: Resistance to flow.
- Solubility: Ability to dissolve.
- Hardness: Resistance to scratching. Measured on a scale.
- Malleability: Ability to be hammered into thin sheets.
- Ductility: Ability to be drawn into wires.
- Electrical Conductivity: Ability to conduct electricity.
- Physical Change: Alteration of state or form without changing composition. No new substance is produced. Examples: ice melting, crushing a can, dissolving sugar, shredding paper.
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Chemical Properties: Characteristics describing a substance's ability to undergo changes producing new substances.
- Flammability: Ability to burn.
- Combustibility: Process of burning/ producing heat.
- Toxicity: Degree of harmfulness.
- Corrosivity: Ability to erode or break down.
- Reactivity: Ability to react with other substances.
- Chemical Change: Transformation of a substance into a new substance through a chemical reaction. Examples: rusting iron, burning wood, cooking an egg.
- Evidence of Chemical Change: Color changes, odour changes, gas production, temperature/light changes.
Density and Formulas
- Density Formula: Density = Mass/Volume
- Volume Formula: Volume = Mass/Density
- Mass Formula: Mass = Volume * Density
Atomic Structure and Theory
- Atom: Smallest part of an element.
- Atomic Theory: Study of atoms and their combinations.
- Nucleus: Dense central core of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
- Orbital Shells: Regions around the nucleus where electrons reside.
- Element: Pure substance, cannot be broken down.
- Element Symbol: Abbreviation for an element.
- Isotope: Atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons.
- Alloys: Mixtures of two or more metals.
- Compounds: Pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically joined.
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Historical Atomic Models:
- Aristotle: Four elements (earth, water, air, fire).
- Democritus: Proposed the concept of atoms as indivisible particles.
- Dalton: Proposed the spherical model; atoms are identical, rearranged in reactions.
- Thomson: Raisin bun/plum pudding model; discovered electrons.
- Rutherford: Nuclear model; atom mostly empty space, dense positive nucleus.
- Bohr: Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels.
- Chadwick: Discovered neutrons.
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Subatomic Particles:
- Electrons: Negatively charged, low mass.
- Protons: Positively charged, high mass.
- Neutrons: Neutral, high mass.
- Periodic Table: Arrangement of elements by atomic number and properties. Periods (rows) show number of electron shells, groups (columns) show valence electrons & properties.
Chemical Bonding and Compounds
-
Ion: Charged atom or molecule.
- Cations: Positive ions (metals lose electrons).
- Anions: Negative ions (nonmetals gain electrons).
- Ionic Bonds: Strong bonds between oppositely charged ions. Forms hard, brittle, high-melting solids. Conducts electricity when dissolved.
- Covalent Bonds: Bonds formed by sharing electrons between nonmetal atoms. Forms molecules. Weaker bonds, lower melting points, often do not dissolve in water and do not conduct electricity.
- Molecule: Particle formed by covalent bonds.
- Diatomic Molecules: Molecules formed when two atoms of the same element are bonded.
- Molecular Compounds: Compounds formed by covalent bonds.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the properties of matter, including mass, volume, density, and the states of matter. This quiz covers important concepts such as particle theory and phase changes. Perfect for students studying basic chemistry or physics.
