Matter and Its Properties

Anything that has mass and takes up space. It can be a pure substance or a mixture.

The smallest unit of matter. It cannot be broken down further.

A substance made of only one type of atom.

A group of two or more atoms bonded together. They can be made of the same or different atoms.

The study of matter and its changes.

Tiny particles that make up all matter.

States of matter where particles are close together, strongly attracted, and vibrate in place. They have a fixed shape and volume.

States of matter where particles are further apart, less attracted, and can slide past each other. They have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.

A process used to separate different components of crude oil based on their boiling points. The principle is that substances with lower boiling points vaporize first, while those with higher boiling points remain as liquids.

The maximum amount of a substance (solute) that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. A solution is considered saturated when no more solute can be dissolved.

A solution containing less solute than its saturation point at a given temperature, meaning more solute can still be dissolved.

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than it normally can at a given temperature, often created by heating a saturated solution and adding more solute. This state is unstable and the excess solute may crystallize out upon cooling.

The amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature. It indicates how much solute is present in the solution.

The substance that dissolves another substance, usually present in a larger amount in a solution.

The substance that gets dissolved by the solvent, present in a smaller amount in a solution.

A homogeneous mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.

A molecule made of two or more different elements bonded together. For example, water (H2O) is a compound made of hydrogen and oxygen.

The process by which a solute mixes evenly with a solvent, forming a solution.

A substance made of only one type of atom or one type of compound. Examples include hydrogen, water, sugar and gold.

A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically bonded. The substances retain their original properties.

A substance that dissolves more substances than any other, commonly known as water due to its chemical structure.

A mixture where the components are evenly distributed throughout. It appears uniform.

The amount of solute present in a given amount of solution, described as 'concentrated' (high solute) or 'dilute' (low solute).

A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed. You can see the different parts.

The increase in the solubility of most solid solutes as the temperature of the solvent rises.

The substance that dissolves into another substance in a solution.

The increase in the solubility of gases in a liquid as pressure increases.

The substance that dissolves the solute in a solution.

The size of the solute particles affects the dissolving process, with smaller particles dissolving quicker due to a larger surface area.

A homogenous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

A solution made by dissolving salt (NaCl) in water, where water acts as the solvent and salt as the solute.

A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

A heterogeneous mixture where the components can be easily seen and separated. For example, sand and salt.

A substance that doesn't dissolve in a solvent, like oil in water.

The attraction between molecules of the same substance.

Matter that has a definite shape and volume. Examples: ice, rock, wood.

Matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container. Examples: water, juice, oil.

The attraction between molecules of different substances.

Matter that has no definite shape and volume, it fills its container. Examples: air, oxygen, carbon dioxide.

The force that holds water molecules together due to their polar nature, allowing water to dissolve many substances.

A solution with a large amount of dissolved solute and relatively little solvent.

Energy of movement, possessed by all particles in motion.

Stored energy that has the potential to be released.

The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

Energy transfer from a hotter substance to a colder one.

A colorless gas with a sharp odor and slightly sour taste.

A solution formed by dissolving carbon dioxide in water.

Chemicals that release carbon dioxide under pressure.

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined.

A process used to separate a desired metal from impurities, like zinc, copper, silver, and iron, found in its raw form. It involves using strong acids to remove unwanted elements and results in high purity metal.

A mixture of a liquid and solid particles that do not dissolve, but are dispersed throughout the liquid. The particles settle over time, forming a distinct layer at the bottom.

A mixture where tiny particles of one substance are evenly distributed in another substance. The particles look like they have dissolved, but they are actually suspended and will not settle over time.

A heterogeneous mixture of two or more liquids that do not mix completely. One liquid forms tiny droplets inside the other, and they separate into layers over time.

A dense, sticky mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly hydrogen and carbon, found underground. It's the raw form of oil and needs to be refined before use.

A mixture of liquids that do not mix completely. They readily separate into layers with the heavier substance at the bottom and the lighter substance at the top.

A type of emulsion where the main liquid is water and the other liquid is oil dispersed in tiny droplets.

A type of emulsion where the main liquid is oil and the other liquid is water dispersed in tiny droplets.

A mixture where one substance is not dissolved into another substance. The particles are suspended and can be easily separated using physical methods.

The process of refining metals has negative environmental impacts. The acids used in refining can contaminate water sources and harm marine life.

The process of extracting crude oil from the earth involves drilling and excavating large areas, which can disrupt ecosystems and cause pollution.

The process of breaking down crude oil into different products like gasoline, diesel, and kerosene is energy-intensive and releases greenhouse gases.

People consume these poisonous elements by eating fish and plants that have absorbed them from the environment.

Substances that are made of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Refining is a process used to purify raw materials and extract desired substances, often with the use of chemicals and energy. It plays a crucial role in manufacturing and technology.