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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between a solid and a liquid?
What is the primary difference between a solid and a liquid?
What is the term for the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?
What is the term for the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?
What is the primary characteristic of a compound?
What is the primary characteristic of a compound?
What is the term for the ways a substance reacts with other substances?
What is the term for the ways a substance reacts with other substances?
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What is the primary difference between an element and a compound?
What is the primary difference between an element and a compound?
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What is the term for a solid changing to a liquid when heated?
What is the term for a solid changing to a liquid when heated?
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What is the term for the three main parts of an atom?
What is the term for the three main parts of an atom?
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What is the definition of matter?
What is the definition of matter?
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Study Notes
Definition and Composition
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
- It is composed of tiny particles called atoms, which are the building blocks of matter.
- Atoms are made up of three main parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus (center) of the atom.
- Electrons orbit around the nucleus.
Types of Matter
- Solids: have a fixed shape and volume, with particles closely packed together.
- Liquids: have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, with particles close together but able to move past each other.
- Gases: have neither a fixed shape nor volume, with particles widely spaced and free to move.
Properties of Matter
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Physical Properties: can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance.
- Examples: color, shape, size, texture, odor, melting point, boiling point.
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Chemical Properties: describe the ways a substance reacts with other substances.
- Examples: reactivity, flammability, toxicity.
States of Matter Changes
- Melting: a solid changes to a liquid when heated.
- Freezing: a liquid changes to a solid when cooled.
- Evaporation: a liquid changes to a gas when heated.
- Condensation: a gas changes to a liquid when cooled.
Mixtures and Substances
- Mixture: a combination of two or more substances, where each substance maintains its properties.
- Substance: a pure material with a fixed composition and properties.
- Element: a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
- Compound: a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
Definition and Composition
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, composed of tiny particles called atoms.
- Atoms consist of three main parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus (center) of the atom.
- Electrons orbit around the nucleus.
Types of Matter
- Solids: have a fixed shape and volume, with particles closely packed together.
- Liquids: have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, with particles close together but able to move past each other.
- Gases: have neither a fixed shape nor volume, with particles widely spaced and free to move.
Properties of Matter
- Physical Properties: can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance.
- Examples of physical properties include color, shape, size, texture, odor, melting point, and boiling point.
- Chemical Properties: describe the ways a substance reacts with other substances.
- Examples of chemical properties include reactivity, flammability, and toxicity.
States of Matter Changes
- Melting: a solid changes to a liquid when heated.
- Freezing: a liquid changes to a solid when cooled.
- Evaporation: a liquid changes to a gas when heated.
- Condensation: a gas changes to a liquid when cooled.
Mixtures and Substances
- Mixture: a combination of two or more substances, where each substance maintains its properties.
- Substance: a pure material with a fixed composition and properties.
- Element: a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
- Compound: a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
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Description
Learn about the definition and composition of matter, including its different types such as solids, liquids, and gases. Discover the structure of atoms and their components.
