Matter and Energy: Chapter 2
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of mass?

  • The smallest particle of an element.
  • A piece of material that occupies a volume or space. (correct)
  • Energy that occupies space.
  • The study of microscopic organisms.

What is the particulate level of matter?

  • Observable by the human eye
  • Too small to be observable with the human eye or microscope (correct)
  • Consideration of matter on a geological scale
  • Observable with a classic microscope

What does a chemical formula such as H2O represent?

  • A combination of hydrogen isotopes.
  • One molecule of water consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. (correct)
  • A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen elements.
  • Two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom.

What is a molecule?

<p>The smallest unit particle of a pure substance that can exist independently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a ball-and-stick model?

<p>A three-dimensional representation of a molecule using balls for atoms and sticks for electron pairs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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What is the definition of macroscopic when referring to matter?

<p>Consideration of matter on a scale observable by the human eye. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest particle of an element called?

<p>Atom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'sticks' in a ball-and-stick model of a molecule?

<p>Represent electron pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the chemical formula tell you about a molecule?

<p>The number of atoms and the kinds of atoms in a molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best definition of matter?

<p>Anything that has mass and occupies a volume or space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What level of matter needs to be modeled?

<p>Particulate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'H' represent?

<p>Hydrogen atom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of scientist studies matter at the macroscopic level?

<p>Geologists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common molecular model?

<p>Ball-and-stick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which state of matter do particles move the fastest and are farthest apart?

<p>Gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter has molecules that touch each other and move freely?

<p>Liquid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of solid has molecules arranged in a definite, repeating pattern?

<p>Crystalline solid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solid called when it lacks a long-range pattern in its particle arrangement?

<p>Amorphous solid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory state about matter?

<p>Matter consists of tiny particles in constant motion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to kinetic molecular theory, what happens to the speed of particles at higher temperatures?

<p>They move faster. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a physical property?

<p>A characteristic observed without changing the substance's identity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

<p>Melting ice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chemical identity of a substance during a chemical change?

<p>It is destroyed and a new substance forms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is another term for a chemical change?

<p>Chemical reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Matter?

Any material that has mass and occupies volume.

What is Macroscopic?

Consideration of matter observable by the human eye.

What is Microscopic?

Consideration of matter on a scale observable with a microscope.

What is Particulate Matter?

Matter that can't be seen with the eye or microscope. Needs to be modeled.

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What is an Atom?

Smallest particle of an element that can combine with other elements.

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What is a Molecule?

The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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What is chemical formula?

A symbolic representation of a molecule that shows the types and numbers of atoms present.

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What is a Model?

A representation of an object, system, or idea in some form other than the entity itself.

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What is a ball-and-stick model?

A molecular model that uses balls to represent atoms and sticks to represent chemical bonds.

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What is Particulate?

Too small to be seen with the naked eye or a standard microscope; requires modeling to visualize.

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What is Mass?

The amount of matter in an object.

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Gas State

Particles move fast and are far apart, overcoming attractive forces.

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Liquid State

Molecules touch but move freely among themselves.

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Solid State

Molecules vibrate in fixed positions.

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Crystalline Solid

A solid with molecules arranged in a definite pattern.

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Amorphous Solid

A solid lacking a definite pattern in its particle arrangement.

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Kinetic Molecular Theory

All matter consists of extremely tiny particles in constant motion.

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Physical Properties

Characteristics observed/measured without changing the substance's identity.

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Physical Change

Changes in the form of a substance without changing its chemical identity.

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Chemical Change

Chemical identity is destroyed, and a new substance forms.

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Chemical Properties

All chemical changes possible for a substance.

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Study Notes

Matter

  • Matter has mass and occupies volume.
  • Macroscopic scale, visible to the human eye, used by geologists.
  • Microscopic scale, observable with microscopes, used by microbiologists.
  • Particulate matter is observed at the atomic level, requiring modeling.

Atoms and Molecules

  • Atoms are the basic building blocks of chemical compounds.
  • Molecules are the smallest units of pure substances maintaining identity.
  • Chemical symbols represent elements in molecules.
  • The chemical water formula (Hâ‚‚O) illustrates a molecule with two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Model

  • Models are representations of atoms and molecules based on data
  • Molecular models, such as the ball-and-stick model, illustrate three-dimensional structure with balls representing atoms and sticks representing electron pairs.

States of Matter

  • Gases have fast-moving particles with minimal attraction.
  • In liquids attractions influence the movement of particles.
  • Molecules in solids vibrate while being held in fixed positions.

Properties and Changes

  • Chemical changes, known as chemical or molecular reactions, involve the breaking of chemical bonds.
  • Physical properties are measurable without changing identity.
  • Chemical properties dictate potential chemical changes.

Conclusion

  • Supplemental videos are available, on brightspace

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Introductory Chemistry: Matter and Energy

Description

Exploration of matter, mass, atoms, and molecules. Covers macroscopic, microscopic, and particulate matter. Aligned with course learning outcomes CLO 1.3, CLO 2.1, and CLO 2.2.

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