Matter and Atoms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which properties must matter possess? (Select two answers)

Definite shape

Volume (correct)

Mass (correct)

Energy

What type of variable is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?

Control variable

Constant variable

Dependent variable

Independent variable (correct)

Why is it crucial to control all factors in an experiment except for the independent variable?

To keep the experiment financially affordable for the research lab

To ensure that any changes are due to changes in the independent variable only (correct)

To complete the experiment faster

To guarantee that the results support your hypothesis

What is the primary objective of conducting an experiment?

To test the hypothesis and conclude whether the results support or refute it Signup and view all the answers

Chemical properties can be defined as _ while physical properties can be defined as _.

Observed with substances changing vs. observed without substances changing Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object?

Water displacement, in mL for the water and cm³ for the pebble Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for calculating density?

d = m / V Signup and view all the answers

Which object is most likely to float in water, given its density?

Ice cube (density: 0.92 g/cm³) Signup and view all the answers

In the analogy of a hotel, the hotel rooms are compared to what?

Orbitals Signup and view all the answers

Which energy level can hold the most electrons?

3 Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can fill the p orbital sublevel?

6 Signup and view all the answers

After electrons completely fill the 2p orbitals, where will the next electron go?

3s Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are present in the atom with the electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p2?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of organizing the elements into an ordered table?

To group them based on similar properties Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs in an atom when we perceive color in a lit room?

Excited electrons are falling down to their ground state, emitting specific wavelengths Signup and view all the answers

What does the period number in the modern Periodic Table indicate?

Energy levels; row Signup and view all the answers

What property differentiates one element from another?

Atomic number Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mixtures can be described as homogeneous?

Air (containing nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide…) Signup and view all the answers

What transition occurs when a solid becomes a liquid upon heating?

Melting Signup and view all the answers

Which is true regarding water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?

The ratios of their constituent elements determine their properties. Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, if the mass before the reaction is 5.6 g and after is also 5.6 g, what principle is illustrated?

Law of Conservation of Matter Signup and view all the answers

An atom's mass number is determined by which of the following?

Number of protons + neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an atom loses electrons?

It becomes a cation with a positive charge. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes isotopes of an element?

Have the same chemical properties but different mass numbers. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of an atom contains protons and neutrons?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the charge of an atom with 33 protons and 31 electrons?

+2 charge Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by electrons having quantized energy?

They can only occupy discrete energy levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct layering order of balsamic vinegar, sugar, and olive oil based on their densities?

Oil → vinegar → sugar Signup and view all the answers

Why is Thomson’s plum-pudding model considered incorrect?

It incorrectly represented the charge distribution of the atom. Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the area around the nucleus where electrons are found?

Electron cloud Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Multiple Choice Questions: Matter, Atoms, and the Periodic Table

Matter: Matter possesses mass and volume.
Controlled Experiments: A controlled experiment ensures that observed changes are due to the independent variable only, by keeping all other factors constant. The independent variable is intentionally changed, while the dependent variable is measured.
Experiment Goal: Experiments aim to test hypotheses and determine if results support or refute them.
Chemical vs. Physical Properties: Chemical properties describe how a substance changes when it undergoes a chemical reaction. Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance’s composition.
Identifying Physical Properties: Use your senses (sight, smell, touch, taste - use with caution) to identify physical properties.
Volume: Volume is the amount of 3D space a substance occupies.
Density: Density (d) is calculated as mass (m) divided by volume (V): d = m/V. Units are typically g/mL or g/cm³.
Measuring Volume of Irregular Shapes: Use water displacement to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object.
Floating/Sinking: An object floats if its density is less than the density of the liquid it is placed in. Density of water is 1 g/mL (or 1 g/cm³).
Density and Layering: Substances with different densities will layer in a container, if not mixed, from highest density at the bottom to lowest at the top.
States of Matter: Liquids have indefinite volume, gases also have indefinite volume. Solids have definite volume and shape.
Phase Changes: The correct order of state transitions from coldest to hottest: solid (melting) → liquid (vaporization) → gas.
Mixtures: A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, whereas a heterogeneous mixture does not. Air is a homogeneous mixture.
Separation Methods: Distillation separates substances based on differences in boiling points.
Compounds: Compounds have fixed compositions, where elements combine in specific ratios. Their components cannot be physically separated.
Compounds vs. Mixtures: Compounds have fixed ratios of elements and cannot be separated physically, unlike mixtures.
Law of Conservation of Matter: The mass of reactants equals the mass of products in a chemical reaction.
Atomic Structure: Electrons are negatively charged and occupy orbitals outside the nucleus, which contains positively charged protons and neutrons.
Rutherford's Experiment: Discovered the nucleus containing positive charges in an atom.
Neutral Atoms: Neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons.
Atomic Mass Number: Defined as the sum of protons and neutrons.
Elements: Elements are differentiated by their atomic number (number of protons).
Isotopes: Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Ions: Ions result from gaining or losing electrons. Cations are positively charged; anions are negatively charged.
Quantized Energy & Electron Cloud: Electrons exist at specific energy levels and cannot be on levels between them; this area where electrons orbit is called the electron cloud.
Periodic Table Arrangement: Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.
Periodic Table Organization: The periodic table groups elements with similar properties.
Electron Configurations: These represent the arrangement of electrons in different energy levels and sublevels. This is related to color in lights.
Valence Electrons & Energy Levels: The number of valence electrons and energy level determine an element's position in the periodic table.

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Description

Test your knowledge on matter, atoms, and the periodic table. This quiz covers fundamental concepts such as the definition of matter, differences between chemical and physical properties, and experimental methods. Dive into the essentials of chemistry and assess your understanding of vital scientific principles.