30 Questions
What are some of the stages mentioned in the construction of irrigation works?
Kings provide money and plan irrigation works
What is the role of grama bhojaka in the northern villages?
Largest landowner and headman of the village
Who were known as vellalar in the Tamil region?
Large landowners
What is a common characteristic of the grama bhojaka position in northern villages?
Hereditary within the same family
What do farmers have to do in order to pay taxes according to the text?
Increase production
Who were known as uzhavar in the Tamil region?
Ordinary ploughmen
Who was often used by the king to collect taxes from the village?
Grama bhojaka
What were some of the independent farmers known as in the text?
Grihapatis
Where were some of the earliest Tamil compositions known as Sangam literature composed and compiled?
City of Madurai
What type of coins were generally rectangular, square, or round in shape and stamped with symbols?
Punch-marked coins
What were punch-marked coins made out of?
Flattened metal globules
Which group of people mentioned in the text did not own land and earned a living by working on fields owned by others?
Dasa karmakara
What did the black slip applied on the pottery give it?
A shiny appearance
According to the Arthashastra rules mentioned, who could be employed for processing wool, bark, cotton, hemp, and flax?
Various categories of women including widows, nuns, and mothers of courtesans
What would happen if a woman working in the workshop did not complete her work?
She would have to pay a fine and could have her thumbs cut off
What is the consequence for the superintendent if he looks at a woman or talks about anything other than work?
He should be punished
How should women who can visit the workshop deliver their work according to the rules?
At dawn
What is emphasized in the Arthashastra rules regarding payment for women's work?
Payment should be based on the quality and quantity of work done
Which occupation was practiced by people living in Mathura during ancient times?
Goldsmiths
What type of pottery is known as Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW)?
Northern Grey Polished Ware
Which activity was significant in centres like Varanasi and Madurai according to the text?
Cloth manufacturing
What did the inscriptions found in Mathura mainly record?
Donations to monasteries and shrines
What was the significant feature of the pottery known as Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW)?
Shiny black surface
In addition to goldsmiths and weavers, what other occupation was mentioned as existing in Mathura?
Potters
What does the term 'muvendar' refer to in the context of the text?
Three ruling families in South India
What was the significance of Puhar and Madurai in the context of the text?
Important port cities for trade and commerce
How did the chiefs and kings in South India primarily accumulate wealth?
Through military expeditions and tribute collection
What did poets composing Sangam poems often receive as rewards from the chiefs?
Precious stones, gold, and fine cloth
Why did the chiefs not collect regular taxes from the people in their kingdoms?
To encourage more gifts and tribute from the people
Which dynasty became powerful in western India around 200 years after the Cholas, Cheras, and Pandyas in South India?
Satavahana Dynasty
Test your knowledge on Mathura as a religious center with Buddhist monasteries, Jaina shrines, and a prominent place for Krishna worship. Learn about the short inscriptions found in Mathura, documenting gifts made to monasteries and shrines by various individuals such as kings, queens, officers, merchants, and craftspersons.
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