Mathematics: Topics and Subdisciplines

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What are the major subdisciplines of modern mathematics?

Number theory, algebra, geometry, and analysis

What is the most common mathematical activity?

Discovery of properties of abstract objects using pure reason

What are the fundamental truths of mathematics independent from?

Any scientific experimentation

In modern mathematics, what are entities stipulated to have certain properties called?

Axioms

What does a proof in mathematics consist of?

A succession of applications of deductive rules to established results

In which academic disciplines is mathematics essential?

Natural sciences, engineering, medicine, finance, computer science, and social sciences

What is the narrower and more technical meaning of the word 'mathematics' in Classical times?

The study of arithmetic and geometry

Which mathematical concept had no practical application before its use in the RSA cryptosystem?

Integer factorization

What did the Pythagoreans constrain the use of the word 'mathematics' to mean?

The study of arithmetic and geometry

What led to a correlated increase in the development of mathematical innovations and scientific discoveries?

The interaction between mathematical innovations and scientific discoveries

What did mathematics primarily consist of until the 16th and 17th centuries?

Geometry and arithmetic

What is the Ancient Greek meaning of the word 'mathematics' (máthēma)?

"That which is learnt"

What did mathematics commonly mean in Latin and English until around 1700?

"Astrology"

What did Saint Augustine's warning about 'mathematici' refer to?

"Astrologers"

What did mathēmatikḗ tékhnē (μαθηματικὴ τέχνη; Latin: ars mathematica) refer to?

"Mathematical art"

Explore the diverse topics and subdisciplines of mathematics, including numbers, formulas, shapes, and quantities. Delve into number theory, algebra, geometry, and analysis while understanding the varied perspectives on the definition of mathematics.

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