Mathematics: Structure and Subdisciplines

Which subdiscipline of mathematics is concerned with the study of numbers and their properties?

What type of reasoning is primarily used to prove properties of abstract objects in mathematics?

In modern mathematics, what are entities stipulated to have certain properties called?

Which field extensively uses mathematics for modeling phenomena such as population growth and infectious disease spread?

What are the fundamental truths of mathematics independent from?

Which area of knowledge includes topics related to shapes and the spaces in which they are contained?

Which of the following best represents the concept of 'pure mathematics'?

When did the problem of integer factorization find its practical application?

What is the etymology of the word 'mathematics' according to the text?

What was the term 'mathematics' commonly associated with in Latin and English until around 1700?

Which mathematical concept first appeared in Greek mathematics, notably in Euclid's Elements?

What led to a correlated increase in the development of mathematical innovations and scientific discoveries?

What did Saint Augustine's warning about 'mathematici' mean?

What did the Pythagoreans primarily constrain the use of the word 'mathematics' to?

What was the narrower and more technical meaning of the word 'mathematics' in Classical times?

What did the change in meaning of the term 'mathematics' result in during 1500 to 1800?