Mathematics in Our World

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Questions and Answers

What event directly preceded Emilio Aguinaldo's return to the Philippines and resumption of the revolution against Spain?

  • The beginning of the Spanish-American War. (correct)
  • A successful negotiation for financial aid from Japan.
  • The signing of a peace treaty with Spain in Hong Kong.
  • His election as President of the Philippine Republic.

What prompted Aguinaldo to establish a dictatorial government before declaring Philippine independence?

  • The need for centralized authority in a growing nation. (correct)
  • Pressure from the United States to maintain control.
  • Requirements set by the revolutionary constitution.
  • Concerns about potential Spanish counterattacks.

What was the main reason for the collapse of the truce between the Spaniards and Filipino rebels in 1897?

  • Deterioration of the diplomatic relations between Spain and the United States.
  • The death of Emilio Aguinaldo.
  • The Spaniards failing to provide the agreed-upon indemnity. (correct)
  • Renewed support for Spain from other European powers.

Why did Bonifacio's intervention to resolve the conflict between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan ultimately fail?

<p>Bonifacio's efforts were viewed as worsening the situation, leading to the need for a revolutionary government. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the American officers and soldiers present during the declaration of Philippine independence?

<p>They were witnesses to the declaration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Aguinaldo take after the Americans won the Battle of Manila Bay in 1898?

<p>He announced the resumption of the revolution against Spain with American help. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event led to the end of the Philippine-American War in 1901?

<p>Aguinaldo's capture and subsequent pledge of allegiance to the United States. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue caused disruption during the elections for a pamahalaang panghihimagsik in Barrio Tejeros?

<p>Bonifacio's educational qualifications were questioned for a leadership position. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document did Emilio Aguinaldo commission Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista to write prior to the declaration of independence?

<p>The Act of the Declaration of Independence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main concern regarding the copies of the Declaration of Independence after it was proclaimed?

<p>The number of actual signees could not be accurately determined. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the document, what justification was given for starting the revolution in August 1896?

<p>To regain the independence and sovereignty of which the people had been deprived by Spain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Declaration of Independence, what did the three stars on the Philippine flag represent?

<p>The three principal islands Luzon, Mindanao, and Panay where the revolution started. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific abuses by the Civil Guards are mentioned as a cause for the revolution?

<p>Causing deaths in connivance with superiors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Aguinaldo's return to the Philippines on the U.S. cruiser McCulloch?

<p>It demonstrated American collaboration with Aguinaldo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key ideal expressed in the Declaration of Independence continues to be debated in Philippine society today?

<p>The balance between national sovereignty and international relations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key difference between the first phase of the Philippine Revolution and the second phase led by Aguinaldo?

<p>The second phase involved collaboration with the Americans, unlike the first. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prior to the declaration of independence, what position did Emilio Aguinaldo hold in the revolutionary government established in Biak-na-Bato?

<p>President of the Republic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of Spanish colonial rule was cited in the Declaration as a violation of international law?

<p>The seizing of lands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, what role did Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista play?

<p>Legal Advisor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action was taken against Andres Bonifacio after he contested the results of the elections in Barrio Tejeros?

<p>He formed his own government with an armed group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action taken by Corazon Aquino demonstrated her challenge to the results of the snap elections?

<p>Calling for a nationwide boycott of businesses supported by Marcos cronies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly contributed to the destabilization of the Marcos administration following Ninoy Aquino's assassination?

<p>Widespread protests and a faltering Philippine economy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Corazon Aquino primarily seek during her state visit to the United States in September 1986?

<p>Financial aid for the Philippines and foreign investment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Teodoro 'Teddy Boy' Locsin, Jr. play in the creation of Corazon Aquino's speech to the U.S. Congress?

<p>He was unable to complete the speech in time, leaving Aquino to finish it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial reason for Ninoy Aquino's imprisonment during Marcos's presidency?

<p>For speaking out against the Marcos dictatorship after martial law was declared. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Corazon Aquino characterize the People Power Revolution in her speech?

<p>As a peaceful means of achieving change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the opposition decide to have Corazon Aquino run against Marcos in the snap elections?

<p>Because the opposition realized they needed to unite under a common candidate to stand a chance against Marcos. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main challenge Corazon Aquino faced after assuming the presidency following the People Power Revolution?

<p>Dealing with a country that was badly damaged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor that led military officials Enrile and Ramos to defect from Marcos's government?

<p>Belief that Marcos had lost the mandate of the Filipino people. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Corazon Aquino use Ninoy's memory in her speech before the U.S. Congress?

<p>To highlight the sacrifices made for Philippine freedom and democracy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action taken by Marcos directly preceded the People Power Revolution?

<p>Claiming victory in a snap election widely seen as fraudulent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Aquino address the issue of the Philippines' foreign debt in her speech to the U.S. Congress?

<p>By committing to honor the debt while seeking fair terms and assistance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate impact of Corazon Aquino's address to the U.S. Congress?

<p>Approval of emergency aid for the Philippines by the U.S. House of Representatives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific evidence from Aquino's speech indicated the strength of popular support she enjoyed?

<p>The million signatures drafting her to challenge the dictatorship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Aquino imply about the communist insurgency in the Philippines during her address?

<p>That it could be addressed through economic progress and justice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event propelled Corazon Aquino into the political limelight?

<p>The assassination of her husband, Ninoy Aquino. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aquino, what was the significance of the 1984 elections held during the Marcos dictatorship?

<p>They allowed the opposition to measure its power, even under a dictatorship. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the context of Corazon Aquino's reference to Abraham Lincoln in her speech?

<p>To emphasize the need for reconciliation and lasting peace. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Corazon Aquino describe the economic conditions faced by the Filipino people during the Marcos era?

<p>Marked by poverty, unemployment and a crushing debt burden. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on Aquino's speech, identify a key factor in restoring and maintaining democracy in the Philippines.

<p>Addressing economic inequality and upholding human rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Bonifacio find the Reform Movement in Spain futile, leading to the formation of the Katipunan?

<p>Because the Spanish government refused to grant reforms for the Philippines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization's structure is said to have influenced the recruitment process of the Katipunan?

<p>Freemasonry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What core value was primarily emphasized in the indoctrination of new Katipunan members?

<p>Love of country and fellow Filipinos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pen name did Emilio Jacinto use when writing for the Katipunan newspaper, Kalayaan, and other literary works?

<p>Dimas Ilaw (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to Emilio Jacinto's capture after Bonifacio's death in Cavite?

<p>He was wounded in battle and captured by Spanish soldiers in Magdalena, Laguna. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Jacinto take that allowed him to be released after being captured by Spanish forces?

<p>He convinced the Spanish soldiers that he was a spy working for them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor ultimately prevented Emilio Jacinto from continuing his law studies at the Literary University of the Philippines?

<p>Relocation to Laguna to fight the Americans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of distributing the Kartilya among Katipunan members?

<p>To serve as primary lessons and guiding principles for members. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Jim Richardson, what is the significance of the Kartilya in the context of Katipunan history?

<p>It is the best known and only extant document printed by the Katipunan prior to August 1896. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the Kartilya extend its influence beyond its original context within the Katipunan?

<p>Its teachings embody moral and nationalistic principles relevant to the Philippines today. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the phrase 'tagalog' used in the Kartilya?

<p>It includes anyone born in the Philippine archipelago, regardless of their specific ethnolinguistic group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Kartilya, what should be the primary basis for evaluating a person's worth?

<p>Their character, principles, and love for their country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the teachings of the Kartilya, what should be the attitude towards a woman?

<p>She should be seen as a partner and respected for her vulnerabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the english translation, what is the 'Association of the sons of the people' hoping to achieve through unity among Tagalogs?

<p>To tear aside the thick veil that obscures thought, and to find the true path of Reason and Enlightenment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements aligns with the teachings of the Kartilya regarding equality?

<p>People are equal in their humanity, regardless of skin color or social status. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Kartilya suggest about noble character?

<p>Noble character values honor above self-interest. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Kartilya states, 'A life that is not dedicated to a great and sacred cause is like...'?

<p>...a tree without a shade, or a poisonous weed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Kartilya's perspective on wasting time?

<p>Time is lost forever once it's gone, unlike wealth which can be regained. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Kartilya, what is considered true charity?

<p>Acts of compassion driven by a genuine love for others and guided by reason (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main message of the 'Relevance' section about the Kartilya?

<p>The Kartilya established not only the rules for the members of the organization but the principles for the citizens of a nation once independence had been achieved and is still relevant to modern day Filipinos. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial reason for convening the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>To resolve leadership disputes that arose among the Katipunan factions in Cavite. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Emilio Aguinaldo not present at the start of the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>He was leading forces at the front lines in Pasong Santol, Dasmariñas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Artemio Ricarte's account, what role did he play during the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>He was the secretary of the convention under Bonifacio and was later elected Captain-General. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Severino de las Alas's proposition challenge the initial proceedings of the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>By suggesting that the assembly should first define the type of government before discussing defense strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Antonio Montenegro's contribution to the debate regarding the type of government needed during the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>He echoed De las Alas's sentiment, emphasizing the urgency of defining the government's nature, leading to heated disputes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Santiago Alvarez react to Antonio Montenegro's remarks during the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>He defended the Magdiwang government and challenged Montenegro's right to interfere in their affairs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Jacinto Lumbreras decide to relinquish his role as the presiding officer of the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>He recognized that the assembly was now discussing matters outside the scope of the meeting's agenda and wanted to avoid taking sides. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle did Andres Bonifacio emphasize before the election of officers for the Philippine Republic at the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>The importance of respecting and obeying the decision of the majority in all matters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bonifacio's account, why did he believe the establishment of a new government at Tejeros was not appropriate?

<p>Because representatives from all towns were not present, violating a prior agreement made in the Imus Assembly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary point of contention raised by Daniel Tirona regarding Andres Bonifacio's election as Director of the Interior?

<p>Bonifacio's insufficient educational background for such an important position. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Bonifacio react to Daniel Tirona's objection to his election as Director of the Interior?

<p>He defended his qualifications and demanded that Tirona either repeat his statement or apologize for the insult. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Andres Bonifacio take in response to the controversy caused by Daniel Tirona's protest?

<p>He declared the assembly closed and annulled all decisions made therein. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prior experience did Santiago Alvarez have that made him a credible firsthand source on the events at the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>He served as a general, was a direct participant, and witness to the events that occurred in the elections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Santiago Alvarez's account, what information was received just before the assembly convened?

<p>Confidential information that Daniel Tirona was planning to undermine the assembly's proceedings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Tejeros Assembly, what did Severino de las Alas suggest regarding the Katipunan flag?

<p>The flag's symbols alone did not demonstrate whether the government was democratic or not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Santiago Alvarez's narrative, what specific insult prompted General Apoy to angrily confront Antonio Montenegro at the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>Montenegro implied that the revolutionaries were no better than bandits or mindless animals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the contested elections, with what sentiment did Bonifacio ultimately leave the Tejeros Assembly, according to Alvarez's account?

<p>Disapproval and a declaration nullifying the assembly's proceedings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Diego Mojica warn Bonifacio during the counting of ballots in the Tejeros assembly?

<p>Because some ballots were already filled out before being distributed to voters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Baldomero Aguinaldo suggest to expedite the rest of the election at the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>That people should stand on one side of the hall if in favour, and the other if against, for each of the positions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the accounts of Artemio Ricarte, Andres Bonifacio, and Santiago Alvarez differ on the legitimacy of the Tejeros Assembly?

<p>Their accounts provide varying perspectives, with Ricarte's account being more neutral, Alvarez showcasing a Magdiwang perspective, and Bonifacio questioning legitimacy due to improprieties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Mathematics?

Deals with relationships among numbers, quantities, and shapes.

What skills does mathematics foster?

Creativity, reasoning, critical thinking, and spatial thinking.

Math as a universal language

To interpret the world and communicate concepts through symbols and proofs.

Mathematics and patterns

Identifying and organizing patterns to predict natural phenomena.

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Who was Fibonacci?

He was an Italian mathematician (1170-1250) known for a famous sequence.

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When is Fibonacci Day?

Observed every year on November 23rd.

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Wave dynamics and mathematics

Speed, wavelength, and water depth are mathematically related.

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Orders in nature

Day-night cycles and seasonal changes

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Examples of symmetry in nature.

Fractal patterns

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What natural patterns can be explained by symmetry-breaking?

Sand dunes and animal stripes.

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Mathematics role in understanding planetary motion.

Frameworks to understand planetary movements.

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How is math used in everyday activities?

Used for budgeting, measurement, and calculations.

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What is Engineering mathematics?

Applying math theory to solve technology and resource management problems.

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What is mathematical language?

A precise system for communicating mathematical ideas.

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Characteristics of mathematical language.

Non-temporal, devoid of emotional content, and focused on precision.

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Role of logic in math

Facilitates correct reasoning and inference drawing from known facts.

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What is inductive reasoning?

Generalizing from specific instances.

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What is deductive reasoning?

Deriving specific conclusions from general observations.

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Polya's first step: Understand

Analyze the problem by restating it and identifying goals.

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Polya's second step: Devise a plan.

Look for patterns or formulate equations based on prior knowledge.

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Polya's third step: Carry out the plan.

Execute the strategy, keep accurate records, and adjust if necessary.

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Polya's fourth step: Look back.

Review the solution's consistency and consider broader implications.

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Act of Proclamation

A document declaring the Philippines' freedom from Spanish rule, read on June 12, 1898.

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Spanish-American War

The war between Spain and the US in 1898, altering Philippine history.

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Philippine Revolution

Filipino organization led by Emilio Aguinaldo to achieve independence.

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Truce of Biak-na-Bato

A proposed pause that Aguinaldo accepted, leading to exile in Hong Kong.

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Dictatorial Government

Government established by Aguinaldo before declaring independence.

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Kawit, Cavite

The location where Philippine Independence was declared.

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Julian Felipe

The composer of the Philippine National Anthem

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Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

Appointed by Aguinaldo to write the Act of the Declaration of Independence.

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Magdalo

The name that Aguinaldo chose when he joined the Katipunan.

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Barrio Tejeros

Site of elections that created revolutionary government, led to conflicts.

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Who was Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr.?

Former senator assassinated in 1983, which triggered events leading to the downfall of Marcos' regime

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Who is Corazon Aquino?

The widow of Ninoy Aquino, who ran for president against Marcos and became president after the People Power Revolution.

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What were the Protest rallies?

Rallies that erupted in the streets of Manila and provinces, calling for Marcos to resign

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What was the Batasang Pambansa?

Declared Marcos the winner of the election despite evidence to the contrary

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Who were Juan Ponce Enrile and Fidel Ramos?

Defense minister and Vice-Chief of Staff who defected from the Marcos government.

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What was the People Power Revolution?

Civilians faced tanks to protect defecting soldiers

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What was the Restoration of Philippine democracy?

Achieved through the People Power Revolution

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What was Corazon Aquino's 1986 US visit significance?

She asked for financial aid and spoke about Philippine democracy

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Who is Teodoro 'Teddy Boy' Locsin, Jr.?

Author of Cory Aquino's speech made to U.S. Congress

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What actions did Marcos' dictatorship undertake?

Demolished press freedom, congress, judiciary, and Bill of Rights

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What is the Kartilya?

A document of the Katipunan that outlines principles and teachings for members.

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What was the KKK?

The Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, a revolutionary society advocating for Philippine independence through armed struggle.

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Who is Dimas Ilaw?

Emilio Jacinto's pen name

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What values did the Katipunan rules emphasize?

Emphasized love for one's country and fellow Filipinos.

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How does the Kartilya conclude?

A document of affirmation to the society's teachings

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Who is Tagalog?

The Tagalog people

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What happens to those who do not comply with the Katipunan?

Those who fail to comply with the duties of the Katipunan will receive the most horrible punishment.

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What does it mean to be Tagalog?

To make a person's own country the most important, unified and together.

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What is a life without a purpose?

A life that is not dedicated to a great and sacred cause is like a tree without a shade, or a poisonous weed.

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What does joining the Kartilya requires?

Composed of name, hometown, age, occupation, status, and address.

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What is the basis of membership?

True equality and brotherhood

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What is one of the foremost rules?

True love of the native land and genuine compassion.

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What is demanded and esteemed?

Demands actions, even if you're a good speaker

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What is the Associations worthy object?

To unite hearts and minds to find the true path of reason and enlightenment

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What is the Tejeros Assembly?

A historical event in the Philippines involving a meeting held on March 22, 1897, to elect leaders for a revolutionary government.

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Who was Artemio Ricarte?

A member of the Magdiwang faction, served as secretary during the assembly, and was elected Captain-General.

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Santiago Alvarez's Account

The general's memoir of the Tejeros Convention in Chapter 32.

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Who were the Magdiwang?

A Cavite Katipunero faction who were soon fighting each other over territory and logistics.

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Who were the Magdalo?

A Cavite Katipunero faction who were soon fighting each other over territory and logistics.

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Pamahalaang panghihimagsik

The proposed formation of a revolutionary government by the two groups.

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Who was Emilio Jacinto?

The person that Bonifacio wrote to in Montalban from Indang, Cavite on April 24, 1897.

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Bonifacio's Letter to Jacinto

A historical document providing insight to the dynamics of the Tejeros Assembly.

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Who was Jacinto Lumbreras?

Leader of the Magdiwang Council, who opened the session of the assembly.

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Who was Severino de las Alas?

He spoke in support of Lumbreras about the kind of government they should have.

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Who was Antonio Montenegro?

He spoke in support of the De las Alas, saying that they were mere groups of tulisanes.

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Who was Daniel Tirona?

He demanded the floor and said the position of Minister of Interior should be a lawyer.

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