Math 143: Angles and Geometry

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Questions and Answers

If two rays are non-collinear and share a common endpoint, what geometric figure do they form?

  • An angle (correct)
  • A line segment
  • A straight line
  • A plane

In naming an angle using three letters, which letter must be in the middle?

  • The letter corresponding to a point on the exterior of the angle.
  • The letter corresponding to the vertex of the angle. (correct)
  • The letter corresponding to a point on the interior of the angle.
  • The letter of the side with the greatest length.

When can an angle be named using a single letter?

  • When the angle is an acute angle.
  • When no other angles share the same vertex. (correct)
  • When the angle is part of a triangle.
  • When the angle is a right angle.

What characteristic defines adjacent angles?

<p>They share a common side and their interiors do not intersect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of vertical angles?

<p>They are non-adjacent and congruent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Angle Measure Postulate, what is true about the measure of any angle?

<p>It is a unique real number between 0 and 180. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Protractor Postulate, if $\overrightarrow{RS}$ is a ray and $K$ is a half-plane determined by the ray, what can be said about any real number $d$ with $0^\circ < d < 180^\circ$?

<p>There is a unique ray $\overrightarrow{RT}$ with $T$ in $K$ such that $m\angle TRS = d$. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If point $B$ lies in the interior of $\angle ADC$, how does the Angle Addition Postulate (AAP) describe the relationship between the measures of the angles?

<p>$m\angle ADC = m\angle ADB + m\angle BDC$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An angle measures $5x + 10$ degrees, and its complement measures $2x + 2$ degrees. What is the measure of the original angle?

<p>70 degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two angles form a linear pair. If one angle measures $115$ degrees, what is the measure of the other angle?

<p>65 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two angles are congruent, what can be said about their measures?

<p>Their measures are equal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an angle whose measure is less than 90 degrees?

<p>Acute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between two angles if the sum of their measures is 90 degrees?

<p>Complementary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes angles that are both congruent and supplementary?

<p>Right angles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded if $\angle A$ and $\angle B$ are supplementary, and $\angle A$ and $\angle C$ are also supplementary?

<p>$\angle B \cong \angle C$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an angle bisector?

<p>A ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a linear pair of angles?

<p>They are supplementary and adjacent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Vertical Angle Theorem (VAT), what can be said about vertical angles?

<p>They are congruent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two lines intersect to form congruent adjacent angles, what can be concluded?

<p>They are perpendicular. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $\overline{AB} \perp \overline{CD}$, what can be concluded about the resulting angles?

<p>They are all right angles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a perpendicular bisector of a segment?

<p>A line that is perpendicular to the segment and intersects it at its midpoint. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about congruence of angles?

<p>It is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two angles are complementary and adjacent, what can be said about their non-common sides?

<p>They are perpendicular. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Angles $\angle P$ and $\angle Q$ are supplementary. If $m\angle P = (8x + 12)^\circ$ and $m\angle Q = (3x + 1)^\circ$, find the value of $x$.

<p>15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An angle's measure is five times its complement. What is the measure of the angle?

<p>75 degrees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for two angles with a common vertex to be considered a linear pair?

<p>Their exterior sides must form opposite rays. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $\overrightarrow{BX}$ bisects $\angle ABC$ and $m\angle ABX = 38^\circ$, what is the measure of $\angle ABC$?

<p>76° (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between two lines that are perpendicular?

<p>They intersect at a 90-degree angle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $\angle DEF$ and $\angle FEG$ form a linear pair and $\overrightarrow{EH}$ bisects $\angle FEG$, what can be concluded about $\angle DEH$?

<p>It is obtuse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $\angle 1$ and $\angle 2$ are supplementary and $\angle 1$ and $\angle 3$ are vertical angles, what is the relationship between $\angle 2$ and $\angle 3$?

<p>Supplementary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two lines intersect such that they form a linear pair with congruent angles, what is the measure of each angle in the linear pair?

<p>90 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn if two intersecting lines do NOT form four congruent angles?

<p>The lines are NOT perpendicular. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the measure of an angle is represented by $(7x - 13)^\circ$, and the measure of its supplement is $(5x - 11)^\circ$, what is the value of $x$?

<p>17 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the necessary conditions for a line to be a perpendicular bisector of a segment?

<p>It must intersect the segment at a right angle and intersect it at its midpoint. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If rays $\overrightarrow{DA}$ and $\overrightarrow{DC}$ are perpendicular, and point $B$ lies in the interior of $\angle ADC$, what relationship must exist between $\angle ADB$ and $\angle BDC$?

<p>They are complementary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of proving geometric theorems, what role do postulates play?

<p>They are statements assumed to be true, serving as a foundation for proving other statements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the uniqueness of a perpendicular bisector to a line segment within a plane?

<p>A line segment has exactly one unique perpendicular bisector. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an angle?

The union of two non-collinear rays sharing the same endpoint.

What is a vertex?

The common endpoint of the two rays forming an angle.

What are adjacent angles?

They are angles sharing a common side and having no common interior points.

What are vertical angles?

A pair of non-adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines.

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What is degree measure?

A unique real number between 0 and 180 that represents how 'open' an angle is.

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What is the Angle Measure Postulate?

For every angle, there is a unique real number between 0 and 180 representing its degree measure.

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What is the Angle Addition Postulate (AAP)?

If point B is in the interior of ∠ADC, then m∠ADC = m∠ADB + m∠BDC.

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What is an acute angle?

An angle whose measure is less than 90°.

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What is an obtuse angle?

An angle whose measure is greater than 90° and less than 180.

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What is a right angle?

An angle whose measure is exactly 90°.

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What are complementary angles?

They are two angles whose measures sum to 90°.

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What are supplementary angles?

They are two angles whose measures sum to 180°.

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What does it mean for angles to be congruent?

Angles are congruent if and only if they have equal measures.

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Theorem 4-4

If two angles are congruent, then their supplements are also congruent.

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What is an angle bisector?

A ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles.

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What is a linear pair?

Adjacent angles formed when their non-common sides are opposite rays.

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What is the Linear Pair Postulate?

Angles that form a linear pair are supplementary.

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What is the Vertical Angle Theorem (VAT)?

Vertical angles are congruent

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What are perpendicular lines?

Two lines intersecting to form a right angle.

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What is a perpendicular bisector?

A line perpendicular to a segment at its midpoint.

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Theorem 4-9

If two lines are perpendicular, then they form four right angles.

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Theorem 4-10

If two lines intersect to form congruent adjacent angles, then the lines are perpendicular.

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Theorem 4-13

If two angles are adjacent and complementary, then the non-common sides are perpendicular.

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Study Notes

Angles and Perpendicular Lines

  • Math 143 covers plane and solid geometry

Angles

  • An angle is formed by the union of two non-collinear rays sharing the same endpoint
  • The common endpoint is called the vertex
  • The rays are the sides of the angle
  • Angles have an interior and exterior

Interior of an Angle

  • The interior of an angle is the intersection of half-planes defined by the edges of the angle
  • The exterior is the set of points not in the interior

Naming Angles

  • Angles can be named in three ways: using three letters, a number, or a single letter
  • Three letters: the middle letter represents the vertex
  • The other two letters correspond to points on the sides
  • A number is placed at the vertex inside the angle
  • A single letter represents the vertex, provided it is clear which angle is referred to

Adjacent Angles

  • Adjacent angles share a common side and have no interior points in common

Vertical Angles

  • Vertical angles are non-adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines
  • Vertical angles share a common vertex

Angle Measurement

  • An angle has a unique real number between 0 and 180, which is its degree measure
  • The measure of angle A is written as m∠A
  • A protractor can be used to measure angles, positioning the vertex at the midpoint
  • One side is aligned with the horizontal base at the zero marking

Measuring Angles

  • Angle measurement is read where the other side intersects the protractor
  • Also, the angle can be measured by taking the positive difference of real numbers on the protractor

Angle Measure Postulate

  • For every real number d with 0° < d < 180°, there exists a unique ray RT such that m∠TRS = d

Angle Addition Postulate

  • If B is in the interior of ∠ADC, then m∠ADC = m∠ADB + m∠BDC

Types of Angles

  • Acute angle: less than 90°
  • Obtuse angle: greater than 90°
  • Right angle: equal to 90°
  • Right angles are indicated by a symbol at the vertex.

Angle Relationships

  • Complementary angles: two angles whose measures add up to 90°
  • Each is the complement of the other
  • Supplementary angles: two angles whose measures add up to 180°
  • Each is the supplement of the other
  • Congruent angles have equal measures

Theorems on Angles

  • All right angles are congruent
  • If two angles are congruent and supplementary, they are right angles
  • Congruence of angles is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive

Supplements and Complements

  • Supplements of congruent angles are congruent
  • Complements of congruent angles are congruent
  • Complements of the same angle are congruent

Angle Bisectors

  • A ray XT is a bisector of ∠RXS if T is in the interior of ∠RXS and ∠RXT ≅ ∠TXS

Linear Pairs

  • Angles that form a linear pair are adjacent and their non-common sides form opposite rays
  • Angles that form a linear pair are supplementary

Vertical Angle Theorem

  • Vertical angles are congruent

Perpendicular Lines

  • Lines intersecting at a right angle are perpendicular, indicated by the symbol "⊥"

Perpendicular Bisectors

  • A perpendicular bisector of a segment is a line perpendicular to the segment at its midpoint
  • If two lines are perpendicular, they form four right angles

Unique Perpendiculars

  • In a plane, through a point on a given line, there is exactly one line perpendicular to the given line
  • A segment has a unique perpendicular bisector in a plane
  • If two angles are adjacent and complementary, their non-common sides are perpendicular

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