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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea?
What is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea?
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Fibroids
- Tubal blockages
- Endometriosis (correct)
What is a risk factor for infertility in women?
What is a risk factor for infertility in women?
- Having a healthy diet
- Older than 27 years (correct)
- Being under 20 years old
- Having a normal weight
What is a positive effect of oral contraceptives?
What is a positive effect of oral contraceptives?
- Increasing the risk of osteoporosis
- Increasing the risk of breast cancer
- Reducing severe cramping and bleeding (correct)
- Causing migraine headaches
How long after a vasectomy must the test be completed to confirm no sperm is present?
How long after a vasectomy must the test be completed to confirm no sperm is present?
What type of contraceptive device uses copper?
What type of contraceptive device uses copper?
What is the mechanism of action of misoprostol?
What is the mechanism of action of misoprostol?
What can be done to manage dysmenorrhea?
What can be done to manage dysmenorrhea?
What is a type of natural contraceptive method?
What is a type of natural contraceptive method?
What is the primary purpose of debulking surgery?
What is the primary purpose of debulking surgery?
What is the recommended maximum time for leaving a sponge in place to avoid the risk of toxic shock syndrome?
What is the recommended maximum time for leaving a sponge in place to avoid the risk of toxic shock syndrome?
What is the acronym ACDHO stands for?
What is the acronym ACDHO stands for?
What is the purpose of a sonohysterogram?
What is the purpose of a sonohysterogram?
How many consecutive days of active combination pills are taken in an oral contraceptive?
How many consecutive days of active combination pills are taken in an oral contraceptive?
What is the minimum number of symptoms required to diagnose PMDD?
What is the minimum number of symptoms required to diagnose PMDD?
What is the purpose of a hysteroscope?
What is the purpose of a hysteroscope?
What is the name of the most common system for reporting Pap test results?
What is the name of the most common system for reporting Pap test results?
Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
The Bethesda System (TBS)
- The most common system for reporting Pap test results.
Vulvar Cancer
- A cancer affecting any part of the external female genitals.
Hysteroscope
- A thin, lighted device inserted into the uterus through the vagina and cervix for examination.
Sonohysterogram (SIS)
- A type of ultrasound that uses sound waves and saline to produce images of the uterus.
Debulking Surgery
- Surgical procedure aimed at removing as much of a tumor as possible without a focus on complete removal.
Sponge for Contraception
- Provides protection for up to 12 hours; should not be left in for more than 30 hours to prevent toxic shock syndrome.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
- Characterized by at least four symptoms including mood swings, anxiety, irritability, and sleep difficulties among others.
Oral Contraceptives
- 84 consecutive days of active pills followed by 7 days of placebo.
ACDHO Model
- Anxiety: mood swings, difficulty sleeping.
- Cravings: for sweets and salty foods.
- Depression: low self-esteem and irritability.
- Hydration: weight gain and abdominal bloating.
- Other: hot flashes, nausea, and acne.
Endometriosis
- Most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea, impacting fertility.
Infertility Risk Factors
- Include endometriosis, age over 27, hormonal imbalances, lifestyle factors, and a history of infections or miscarriages.
Oral Contraceptives Benefits and Risks
- Benefits: regulate menstrual cycles, reduce severity of bleeding, and risk of osteoporosis.
- Risks: potential for breast cancer and migraine headaches.
Menopause Symptoms
- Includes hot flashes, increased belly fat, vaginal dryness, decreased bone density, and skin changes.
Vasectomy Follow-Up
- Sperm checks must occur 8 to 16 weeks after the procedure to confirm no sperm presence.
Dysmenorrhea Management
- NSAIDs like ibuprofen are recommended; taken at the onset of menstruation for pain relief.
Menstrual Cycle Post-Menarche
- New cycles may take up to two years to stabilize.
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
- Utilizes copper for contraception.
Misoprostol
- Induces uterine contractions to expel contents; has no impact on cervical dilation.
Methotrexate and Mifepristone
- Methotrexate affects trophoblastic tissue; Mifepristone blocks progesterone, essential for pregnancy maintenance.
Secondary Amenorrhea Risk Factors
- Include significant weight changes, excessive exercise, thyroid issues, and prolonged emotional stress.
Laparoscopy
- A procedure used to assess for endometriosis.
Papanicolaou Test
- Conducted to rule out cervical cancer.
Fertility Awareness
- Natural contraceptive methods that do not employ hormones or surgical intervention.
Etonogestrel
- An implantable contraceptive option.
Norelgestromin/Ethinyl Estradiol and Levonorgestrel/Ethinyl Estradiol
- Norelgestromin is a patch contraceptive; Levonorgestrel is an oral contraceptive utilizing a 365-day dosing schedule.
Dysmenorrhea Management Techniques
- Include exercise to boost endorphins and limit salty food intake.
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