Maternity Exam 2: Women's Health and Gynecology

Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea?

Chromosomal abnormalities

Fibroids

Tubal blockages

Endometriosis (correct)

What is a risk factor for infertility in women?

Having a healthy diet

Older than 27 years (correct)

Being under 20 years old

Having a normal weight

What is a positive effect of oral contraceptives?

Increasing the risk of osteoporosis

Increasing the risk of breast cancer

Reducing severe cramping and bleeding (correct)

Causing migraine headaches

How long after a vasectomy must the test be completed to confirm no sperm is present?

8 to 16 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What type of contraceptive device uses copper?

Intrauterine device Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of misoprostol?

Causing uterine contractions Signup and view all the answers

What can be done to manage dysmenorrhea?

Limiting salty foods Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of natural contraceptive method?

Fertility awareness method Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of debulking surgery?

To remove as much of a tumor as possible without the intention of completely eradicating it Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maximum time for leaving a sponge in place to avoid the risk of toxic shock syndrome?

30 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the acronym ACDHO stands for?

Anxiety, Cravings, Depression, Hydration, Other Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a sonohysterogram?

To create images of the inside of the uterus using sound waves and saline Signup and view all the answers

How many consecutive days of active combination pills are taken in an oral contraceptive?

84 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of symptoms required to diagnose PMDD?

4 symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a hysteroscope?

To examine the uterus through the vagina and cervix Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the most common system for reporting Pap test results?

The Bethesda System Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Bethesda System (TBS)

The most common system for reporting Pap test results.

Vulvar Cancer

A cancer affecting any part of the external female genitals.

Hysteroscope

A thin, lighted device inserted into the uterus through the vagina and cervix for examination.

Sonohysterogram (SIS)

A type of ultrasound that uses sound waves and saline to produce images of the uterus.

Debulking Surgery

Surgical procedure aimed at removing as much of a tumor as possible without a focus on complete removal.

Sponge for Contraception

Provides protection for up to 12 hours; should not be left in for more than 30 hours to prevent toxic shock syndrome.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Characterized by at least four symptoms including mood swings, anxiety, irritability, and sleep difficulties among others.

Oral Contraceptives

84 consecutive days of active pills followed by 7 days of placebo.

ACDHO Model

Anxiety: mood swings, difficulty sleeping.
Cravings: for sweets and salty foods.
Depression: low self-esteem and irritability.
Hydration: weight gain and abdominal bloating.
Other: hot flashes, nausea, and acne.

Endometriosis

Most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea, impacting fertility.

Infertility Risk Factors

Include endometriosis, age over 27, hormonal imbalances, lifestyle factors, and a history of infections or miscarriages.

Oral Contraceptives Benefits and Risks

Benefits: regulate menstrual cycles, reduce severity of bleeding, and risk of osteoporosis.
Risks: potential for breast cancer and migraine headaches.

Menopause Symptoms

Includes hot flashes, increased belly fat, vaginal dryness, decreased bone density, and skin changes.

Vasectomy Follow-Up

Sperm checks must occur 8 to 16 weeks after the procedure to confirm no sperm presence.

Dysmenorrhea Management

NSAIDs like ibuprofen are recommended; taken at the onset of menstruation for pain relief.

Menstrual Cycle Post-Menarche

New cycles may take up to two years to stabilize.

Intrauterine Contraceptive Device

Utilizes copper for contraception.

Misoprostol

Induces uterine contractions to expel contents; has no impact on cervical dilation.

Methotrexate and Mifepristone

Methotrexate affects trophoblastic tissue; Mifepristone blocks progesterone, essential for pregnancy maintenance.

Secondary Amenorrhea Risk Factors

Include significant weight changes, excessive exercise, thyroid issues, and prolonged emotional stress.

Laparoscopy

A procedure used to assess for endometriosis.

Papanicolaou Test

Conducted to rule out cervical cancer.

Fertility Awareness

Natural contraceptive methods that do not employ hormones or surgical intervention.

Etonogestrel

An implantable contraceptive option.

Norelgestromin/Ethinyl Estradiol and Levonorgestrel/Ethinyl Estradiol

Norelgestromin is a patch contraceptive; Levonorgestrel is an oral contraceptive utilizing a 365-day dosing schedule.

Dysmenorrhea Management Techniques

Include exercise to boost endorphins and limit salty food intake.

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Description

This quiz covers various aspects of women's health and gynecology, including Pap test results, vulvar cancer, hysteroscopy, sonohysterogram, and debulking surgery.