Maternal Baby Quiz: Fetal Growth Terms

Questions and Answers

What is the correct term for the developing organism from fertilization to implantation?

Zygote (correct)

Embryo

Ovum

Fetus

At what gestational week does organogenesis become complete?

Eighth week (correct)

Fourth week

Twelfth week

Sixteenth week

Which changes occur in the fetus by the end of the 12th gestational week?

Active movements are easily felt by the mother

Nail beds on fingers and toes are formed (correct)

Bone ossification centers begin to form (correct)

Sex cannot be distinguished by outward appearance

What significant development occurs by the end of the 16th gestational week?

Lanugo is well formed Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the 'age of viability' for a fetus?

24 weeks of gestation Signup and view all the answers

By what gestational week can sex be determined via ultrasonography?

16 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fetal development is correct at the end of the eighth gestational week?

The fetus weighs approximately 20 grams Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the developing embryo or fetus along with the placental structures throughout pregnancy?

Conceptus Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurs in the fetus by the end of the 40th gestational week?

Fingernails extend over the fingertips Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical weight of a fetus at the end of the 40th week of gestation?

3,000 g (7 to 7.5 lb) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to fetal hemoglobin as the fetus approaches full term?

It begins its conversion to adult hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

How is fundal height measured in pregnant women?

From the pubic symphysis to the top of the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the probable signs of pregnancy?

They can be objectively documented by an examiner Signup and view all the answers

At the end of the 20th gestational week, which significant development occurs?

Definite sleeping and activity patterns are distinguishable. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes occurs by the end of the 24th gestational week?

Hearing is exhibited through responses to sound. Signup and view all the answers

What prepares the fetus for temperature regulation beginning around the 20th gestational week?

Development of brown fat. Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational week does active production of lung surfactant begin?

24th week Signup and view all the answers

Which development occurs at the end of the 28th gestational week concerning the testes?

The testes begin to descend into the scrotal sac. Signup and view all the answers

What important development regarding blood vessels occurs by the end of the 28th gestational week?

Blood vessels of the retina are formed but thin. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of fetal growth by the end of the 32nd gestational week?

Subcutaneous fat beginning to form. Signup and view all the answers

By the end of the 36th gestational week, what significant bodily stores are being deposited in the fetus?

Glycogen, iron, carbohydrates, and calcium. Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive sign of pregnancy?

Visualization of the fetal heart by ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

How can the due date be estimated if the last menstrual period (LMP) falls between January and March?

Add 7 days, then add 9 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula to estimate the duration of pregnancy in weeks using McDonald's Rule?

Fundic height in cm x 8/7 Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a woman who has never been pregnant?

Nulligravida Signup and view all the answers

In the GTPAL classification, what does the letter 'P' represent?

Number of preterm infants born Signup and view all the answers

How is estimated fetal weight assessed in utero?

Using the CRL in uterus in cm x 100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of pregnancy in months when the fundic height measures 28 cm using McDonald's Rule?

8 months Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about a woman classified as primipara?

She has given birth to one child past the age of viability Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Terms Indicating Fetal Development

Ovum: Stage from ovulation up to fertilization.
Zygote: Stage from fertilization until implantation in the uterus.
Embryo: Stage from implantation until 5-8 weeks gestational age.
Fetus: Stage from 5-8 weeks until full term.
Conceptus: Refers to the developing embryo or fetus and associated placental structures throughout the duration of pregnancy.
Age of Viability: Generally recognized as 24 weeks; this is when the fetus has a chance of survival if born, typically weighing over 400 g.

Key Developmental Milestones

End of 4th Gestational Week:
- Length: ~0.75 cm; Weight: ~400 mg.
- Formation of spinal cord; head represents one-third of embryo.
- Rudimentary heart and limb buds are developing.
End of 8th Gestational Week:
- Length: ~2.5 cm; Weight: ~20 g.
- Completion of organogenesis; heart has septum and valves, beats rhythmically.
- Facial features and limbs are identifiable; external genitalia developing.
End of 12th Gestational Week:
- Length: 7-8 cm; Weight: ~45 g.
- Nail beds forming; presence of spontaneous movements and reflexes.
- Sex differentiation observable externally; urine secretion begins.
End of 16th Gestational Week:
- Length: 10-17 cm; Weight: 55-120 g.
- Fetal heart sounds detectable; lanugo present.
- Liver and pancreas functioning; sex identifiable through ultrasound.
End of 20th Gestational Week:
- Length: 25 cm; Weight: 223 g.
- Active fetal movements felt by mother; antibody production starts.
- Meconium present in the intestines; brown fat formation begins.
End of 24th Gestational Week:
- Length: 28-36 cm; Weight: 550 g.
- Lung surfactant production begins; eyelids open, responding to light.
- Age of viability achieved; notable fetal reactions to sound.
End of 28th Gestational Week:
- Length: 35-38 cm; Weight: 1,200 g.
- Nearly mature lung alveoli; testes descend.
- Risk of retinal damage due to high oxygen from preterm care.
End of 32nd Gestational Week:
- Length: 38-43 cm; Weight: 1,600 g.
- Subcutaneous fat deposits increase; responses to sounds observed.
- Iron stores accumulating for post-birth nutrition.
End of 36th Gestational Week:
- Length: 42-48 cm; Weight: 1,500-2,700 g.
- Formation of body stores and reduction in lanugo.
- Fetus usually turns head down, preparing for delivery.
End of 40th Gestational Week:
- Length: 48-52 cm; Weight: ~3,000 g.
- Active fetal movement; hemoglobin transition begins.
- Fingernails extend beyond fingertips; creases on soles of feet become apparent.

Assessment Methods in Pregnancy

McDonald's Rule: Measure fundal height in cm to estimate gestational age (Ht in cm x 2/7 = months; x 8/7 = weeks).
Doppler Technology: Utilized to monitor fetal heart rate.
Signs of Pregnancy:
- Presumptive Signs: Least indicative; could relate to other conditions.
- Probable Signs: Objective and documentable by an examiner.
- Positive Signs: Confirmation through fetal heartbeat detection, movements observed, or ultrasound visualization.

Determining Estimated Due Date (EDD)

Naegel's Rule:
- LMP between April-Dec: Subtract 3 months, add 7 days, and 1 year.
- LMP between Jan-Mar: Add 7 days, then 9 months.

Estimating Gestational Age (AOG)

Date of Quickening:
- Primigravida: Date + 4 months + 20 days.
- Multigravida: Date + 5 months + 4 days.

Fetal Weight Estimation

Estimated using crown-to-rump length in cm: CRL (cm) x 100 = weight (g).

Pregnancy Status Classification

Gravida: Refers to a woman who is/has been pregnant.
Para: Number of pregnancies reaching viability, regardless of live birth.
Primigravida: First-time pregnancy.
Primipara: First birth past viability.
Multigravida: Previous pregnancies.
Multipara: Two or more viable pregnancies.
Nulligravida: Never been pregnant.

GTPALM Classification

T: Term births (≥37 weeks).
P: Preterm births (<37 weeks).
A: Abortions (spontaneous or therapeutic).
L: Living children.
M: Multiple pregnancies.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the different stages of fetal development in this quiz. Learn about the terms such as ovum, zygote, embryo, fetus, conceptus, and the age of viability. See how well you understand the process from fertilization to term.