Maternal and Fetal Timelines Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the chorion frondosum in the placenta?

  • It stores nutrients for the embryo.
  • It separates the maternal and fetal blood supply.
  • It becomes the fetal side of the placenta. (correct)
  • It provides structural support to the placenta.

    • Which layer of the decidua surrounds the embryo and is known as decidua capsularis?

  • Decidua parietalis
  • Decidua basalis
  • Decidua capsularis (correct)
  • Chorion laeve

    • What is the function of the yolk sac in early pregnancy?

  • Formation of the umbilical cord
  • Source of primordial germ cells and blood cells (correct)
  • Protection from mechanical stress
  • Source of amniotic fluid

    • What does the allantois primarily contribute to during fetal development?

    <p>Nutrition and excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of extravillous trophoblasts during spiral artery remodeling?

    <p>To modify the walls of maternal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the extraembryonic coelom located?

    <p>Between the amnion and the chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of arteries undergo remodeling to supply the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>Spiral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage do extravillous trophoblasts differentiate into two types?

    <p>At the end of the first trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes primary villi in early development?

    <p>They are avascular and have a cytotrophoblast core.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tertiary villi is correct?

    <p>They contain an extraembryonic mesodermal core with villous capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of anchoring villi?

    <p>They connect the cytotrophoblastic shell to the chorionic plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do secondary villi differ from primary villi?

    <p>Secondary villi have an extraembryonic mesodermal core.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chorion?

    <p>To serve as the outermost covering of the embryo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the formation of the cytotrophoblastic shell?

    <p>Cytotrophoblasts invade the syncytiotrophoblast and contact maternal decidua.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the development of tertiary villi?

    <p>They develop asymmetrically at the anchoring side of the embryo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found in the intervillous space?

    <p>Maternal blood circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of oxytocin during labor?

    <p>Nerve impulses sent to the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs to prepare the cervix for labor?

    <p>Cervical ripening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs to the breasts during pregnancy?

    <p>Increase in vascular supply and size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the uterine volume by the end of pregnancy?

    <p>Increases 500 to 1000 times its original capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the active labor phase, how far does the cervix dilate?

    <p>From 3 cm to 10 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Ferguson reflex associated with during labor?

    <p>Pressure on the cervix leading to oxytocin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the mucus plug created by cervical glands serve during pregnancy?

    <p>Acts as a barrier against infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much does cardiac output increase by mid-pregnancy?

    <p>Up to 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lightening refer to in the context of labor?

    <p>When the baby moves down in the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is decidualization?

    <p>Transformation of the uterine endometrial layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the beginning of the latent phase of labor?

    <p>Regular contractions and cervical dilation to 3 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can the process of dilation and effacement last during active labor?

    <p>8 to 20 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major change occurs in the circulatory system of a pregnant woman?

    <p>Increase in red blood cell mass and blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the third stage of labor?

    <p>Delivery of the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cervix during pregnancy?

    <p>To allow for structural support and dilation during delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the production of colostrum in the alveoli during pregnancy?

    <p>Influence of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for supporting the function of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?

    <p>Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pregnancy complication?

    <p>Any health issue affecting the mother, fetus, or both during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of syncytiotrophoblasts in early pregnancy?

    <p>They synthesize human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can pregnancy complications arise?

    <p>At any time during the course of pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a pregnancy test most accurate?

    <p>After the first missed menstrual cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the placenta play in pregnancy complications?

    <p>It regulates the feto-maternal link, and disruptions can lead to complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do declining levels of estrogen and progesterone have on the menstrual cycle?

    <p>They signal the beginning of menstruation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the corpus luteum continue to secrete hormones after ovulation if pregnancy does not occur?

    <p>About 10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trimester is most associated with complications due to implantation disruption?

    <p>First trimester.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options describes the timing of hCG production in relation to embryo implantation?

    <p>hCG levels must be detectable by 10 days post-ovulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of pregnancy complications?

    <p>Diet during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the corpus luteum to continue functioning during pregnancy?

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin from the embryo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the timing of pregnancy complication onset affect its severity?

    <p>Severity varies with timing and the underlying cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about pregnancy tests is accurate?

    <p>They are less sensitive than blood tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excluded from the discussion of pregnancy complications in this section?

    <p>Extrinsic factors like drug exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generally affects both the mother and fetus during pregnancy complications?

    <p>The natural connection between mother and fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Maternal and Fetal Timelines

    • Pregnancy involves adaptations in the female body to support fetal development.
    • Stages of pregnancy are divided into trimesters (approximately 12-14 weeks each).
    • First trimester (conception to week 13): Critical period of organ development in the embryo. Significant hormonal changes occur in the mother (increased blood supply, elevated heart rate). Common symptoms: fatigue, morning sickness, headaches, and constipation.
    • Second trimester (weeks 13-26): Uterus expands, fetal organs continue developing, sex of fetus can be determined around 20 weeks. Common symptoms in the mother: body aches, dizziness, and swelling of hands and feet.
    • Third trimester (weeks 27-40): Fetus gains weight, fetal systems mature (lung development). Regular check-ups for maternal and fetal health.

    Trimesters of Pregnancy

    • Average pregnancy is 38-40 weeks (approximately 9 months).
    • Each trimester is approximately 12-14 weeks.
    • First, second, and third trimesters are periods for tracking maternal and fetal development.
    • Each trimester is marked by distinct physiological changes in both the mother and the fetus.

    Fetal Vulnerability

    • First trimester is most vulnerable to teratogens (factors that cause birth defects).
    • Examples of teratogens include radiation, alcohol, and certain medications.
    • Miscarriages occur most commonly in the first trimester (80% of the time).

    Fetal Development

    • Development is tracked using Carnegie stages (morphological classification).
    • Fetal growth and development are influenced by several components, including the placenta.
    • The developing offspring is called an embryo through the first 8 weeks.

    Fetal Age (weeks)

    • 8 weeks (kumquat): Embryo tail disappears; fetus about 1-2 inches long.
    • 11 weeks (lemon): Fetus about 1.5 inches long, major organs are formed.
    • 14 weeks (avocado): Fetus around 3 inches long.
    • 21 weeks (grapefruit): Fetus about 10 inches long.
    • 29 weeks (coconut): Fetus 13.5–15 inches long.
    • 38 weeks (watermelon): Fetus about between 19.5–20 inches long just before birth.

    Timing of Delivery

    • Full-term pregnancies last 37-41 weeks.
    • Preterm pregnancies occur before week 37.
    • Post-term pregnancies are beyond week 42.

    Clinical Application

    • Knowledge of maternal and fetal development is used to monitor pregnancy and inform treatment and prevention of complications.
    • Ultrasound, blood work and other tests are used at different stages.

    Placental Development

    • Placenta is the feto-maternal interface.
    • Placenta supports nutrient, oxygen, and waste exchange between the mother and the fetus.
    • Placenta is a temporary organ. It forms from the maternal and fetal tissue. The placenta regulates the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.
    • Placental formation is a key process in sustaining the developing fetus.
    • Placental function is an essential part of monitoring maternal health during pregnancy.

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    Related Documents

    REPD 372 Module 4 Content PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the stages of pregnancy and the changes that occur in the maternal body to support fetal development. This quiz covers the critical phases of each trimester and common symptoms experienced by mothers. Challenge your understanding of maternal and fetal health through this informative quiz.

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