Materials Science: Structure and Cooling of Steel

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What is the primary purpose of identifying the required properties in the materials selection process?

To identify the candidate material (correct)
To select the correct processing method
To determine the in-service conditions
To determine the cost of the material

What is the primary factor that determines the properties required of a material?

The processing method used
The cost of the material
The in-service conditions (correct)
The composition of the material

What is the effect of processing on the structure of a material?

It changes the structure and overall shape of the material (correct)
It changes the composition of the material
It has no effect on the structure
It changes the overall shape of the material

What is the typical outcome of a material selection process?

A material with a compromise of properties (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for considering the economic or cost aspect in material selection?

To evaluate the cost of the fabricated piece (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of characterizing the in-service conditions?

To determine the properties required of the material (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for classifying solid materials?

Chemistry and atomic structure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials are comprised of metallic and non-metallic elements?

Ceramics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a composite material?

Fiberglass (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are metals primarily composed of?

One or more metallic elements (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and other non-metallic elements?

Polymers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of composites?

They consist of more than one material type (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes nanomaterials from other materials?

Their size, with dimensions on the order of a nanometer (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are small nanoparticles known to have high chemical reactivities?

Because they have a large surface area-to-volume ratio (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern regarding the safety of nanomaterials?

That they may be absorbed into the body at relatively high rates (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential health risk of nanomaterials?

Damaging DNA or promoting lung cancer (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can nanomaterials potentially enter the body?

Through the skin, lungs, and digestive tract (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a way to classify solid materials?

According to the regularity of their atomic arrangement (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the recording head in magnetic storage?

To magnetize the recording medium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding 3 atomic % Si to Fe on its magnetic permeability?

It increases its magnetic permeability (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the structure of aluminum oxide and its transparency?

Polycrystal aluminum oxide with high porosity is translucent (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress and saltwater on materials?

It causes the material to crack (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heat treatment on the crack speed in saltwater?

It slows down the crack speed in saltwater (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of magnetic storage?

The material is transparent (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the coordination number for the Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal structure?

8 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic packing factor for the BCC crystal structure?

0.68 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of crystal structure has a cubic unit cell with atoms located at all eight corners and a single atom at the cube center?

Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of deriving the expression for the volume of a BCC cell in terms of the atomic radius R?

To determine the density of the material (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the unit cell in a BCC crystal structure?

Cubic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the atomic radius R in the context of crystal structures?

It is a measure of the distance between atoms in a crystal structure (B) Signup and view all the answers