Materials Science Overview: Metals and Nanoparticles
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Questions and Answers

Which statement about quantum dots is NOT true?

  • They are commonly used in drug delivery.
  • They are nanoparticles with a size range between 2 and 10 nm.
  • They have a higher surface area than metallic nanoparticles.
  • They emit weak fluorescence. (correct)

    • Which of the following methods will NOT prevent corrosion?

  • Alloying the metal with less reactive metals.
  • Using chemicals to form a surface coating.
  • Coating metals with less oxidizable metal.
  • Attaching a more reactive metal. (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a property of metals?

  • They are dense.
  • They are good heat insulators. (correct)
  • They are malleable.
  • They are shiny.

    • Which statement is NOT true regarding photosynthesis and respiration?

    <p>During respiration, organisms attach a carbon to the hydrogen and release oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the atomic packing factor refer to?

    <p>Volume ratio of an atom inside the unit cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is responsible for the rise in temperature in the stratosphere?

    <p>The presence of ozone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal has packing efficiency that is not too high, occupying only about 68% of the space?

    <p>Polonium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polymer readily undergoes degradation upon application of heat and pressure before it melts?

    <p>Thermosets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental concern related to CFCs?

    <p>They damage the ozone layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of polymers contributes to their elasticity?

    <p>Amorphous structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal has the greatest tendency to be oxidized?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct density of palladium given the conditions described?

    <p>12.023 g/cubic cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about metals is incorrect?

    <p>Active metals do not release hydrogen from acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can CFCs remain in the atmosphere?

    <p>Up to 100 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crystal structure is identified as face-centered cubic?

    <p>Face-centered cubic lattice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is categorized as a crystalline solid?

    <p>Metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which describes nitrogen fixation reaction?

    <p>It is the process that converts nitrogen gas into biologically available nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a cause of eutrophication?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metals are lustrous because of:

    <p>The mobility of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metals has one atom per unit cell?

    <p>Polonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the electronic properties of graphene?

    <p>Carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized and electrons can move between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there no isotactic or syndiotactic form of polyethylene?

    <p>Monomer is symmetrical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Copper is used in electrical cables mainly because:

    <p>It is ductile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true for the Group 1A elements?

    <p>They are named the alkaline earth metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reactions below are considered incorrect?

    <p>MgO + H2O -&gt; Mg(OH)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When Pt and Co are electrically connected, which will not be corroded?

    <p>Pt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When objects (gates) are galvanized, what metal is used to protect the iron?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which does not demonstrate safe handling of chemicals?

    <p>Chemicals must be stored together with flammable materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal do scientists currently consider to be at the highest risk of extinction?

    <p>Polar bears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

    <p>Nanomaterials can be developed only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes cathodic protection?

    <p>The sacrificial metal oxidizes more readily than the protected metal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen to the concentration of CO2 and oxygen gas if forests are cleared?

    <p>Concentration of CO2 will increase, and oxygen gas will decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coordination number for a face-centered cubic crystal structure?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many atoms are present in each unit cell of an element that crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description correctly defines a block copolymer?

    <p>Has regions where a single monomer is repeated interspersed with different monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is paper a polymer?

    <p>Yes, because it is made from cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of organic or oxygen-demanding waste in water bodies?

    <p>Promotes algal bloom which covers the body of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal has a coordination number of 12?

    <p>Aluminum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Teflon is primarily used for which application?

    <p>Non-stick surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines nanomaterials?

    <p>Having dimensions between 1 and 100 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are metals malleable and ductile?

    <p>Mobile electrons allow for deformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lowest layer of the atmosphere, where most weather phenomena occur, is called the:

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of a unit cell if its edge length is $4.52 \times 10^{-8}$ cm?

    <p>$9.04 \times 10^{-9}$ cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about water is NOT correct?

    <p>Water is nonpolar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes fishkills during hot summer days?

    <p>Decreased dissolved oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which monomers are suitable for condensation polymerization?

    <p>Diacid and diamine monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the repeatable entity of a crystal structure called?

    <p>Unit cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true regarding acid rain?

    <p>It only affects aquatic organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen to dissolved oxygen levels in water when turbidity is high?

    <p>Dissolved oxygen will decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Quantum Dots

    • Nanoparticles with a size range of 2-10 nm
    • Higher surface area than metallic nanoparticles
    • Used in drug delivery
    • Emit intense fluorescence

    Biogeochemical Cycle

    • Longest biogeochemical cycle is not specified in the provided text.

    Malleability and Ductility of Metals

    • Metals are malleable and ductile due to the mobile electrons within their structure.
    • The close-packed arrangement of atoms also contributes.
    • The loosely bonded electrons vibrate easily when heated, radiating heat.

    Corrosion Prevention Methods

    • Coating metals with less oxidizable metals prevents corrosion.
    • Attaching a more reactive metal (sacrificial anode) prevents corrosion.
    • Forming a surface coating using chemicals prevents corrosion.
    • Alloying the metal with other metals prevents corrosion.

    Properties of Metals

    • Malleable - capable of being hammered or shaped
    • Dense - high mass per unit volume
    • Shiny - possess luster
    • Good conductors of heat and electricity (not an insulator)

    Photosynthesis and Respiration

    • Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.
    • Cellular respiration uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
    • Respiration involves attaching a carbon to hydrogen and releasing carbon dioxide.
    • Plants release oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis for respiration.

    Atomic Packing Factor

    • The geometric arrangement of atoms within a unit cell.
    • Fraction of atoms projected onto a plane (projected area fraction of atoms).
    • Distance between adjacent atoms
    • Volume ratio of atoms inside the unit cell.

    Stratosphere Temperature Rise

    • Ozone presence causes a rise in stratosphere temperature.

    Metal Crystal Structures and Packing Efficiency

    • Aluminum crystallizes in face-centered cubic (fcc) arrangement.
    • Potassium forms body-centered cubic(bcc) structure.
    • Polonium follows simple cubic (scc) structure.
    • Polonium has the lowest packing efficiency (68% atom occupancy).

    Metal Reactions with Zn(NO3)2

    • Aluminum (Al) will react with Zn(NO3)2
    • The other options, Copper (Cu), Mercury(Hg) and Silver(Ag) will likely not react.

    Polymer Degradation

    • Thermosets readily degrade from heat and pressure application.
    • Unlike Thermoplastics that can be softened or melt without degrading permanently.

    Polymer Synthesis Methods

    • Pyrolysis is a method of reducing a bulk material to nano-sized parameters through destructive methods.
    • Top-down method of synthesis starts with a larger material, progressively reducing its size to nano-scale dimensions.

    Forest Clearing and Atmospheric Gases

    • Clearing forests decreases the concentration of O2.
    • Increases concentration of O2.

    Coordination Number

    • Face-centered cubic structure (fcc) has a coordination number of 12.

    Atoms per Unit Cell

    • An element crystallizing in a face-centered cubic lattice with a given density and unit cell edge length has 4 atoms per unit cell.

    Block Copolymers

    • Regions of one monomer unit interspersed with regions of a different monomer.

    Paper as a Polymer

    • Paper is derived from a plant and hence a natural polymer.

    Effects of Organic Waste

    • Organic wastes promote algal blooms, create unpleasant odors and colors due to decomposition causing an increase in microorganisms.
    • They stay in the environment for a long time.

    Metal Coordination Number

    • Aluminum has the highest coordination number in the options given.

    Teflon Applications

    • Teflon is commonly used as a non-stick surface

    Nanomaterial Dimensions

    • Nanomaterials have at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers.

    Atmospheric Layer for Phenomena

    • Troposphere is the lowest atmospheric layer where atmospheric phenomena occur.

    Unit Cell Volume

    • The unit cell volume of the given element is 9.23 * 10⁻²³ cm³.

    Water Properties

    • Water has high heat capacity and high heat of vaporization.
    • Water exhibits hydrogen bonding.
    • Water has high surface tension.
    • Water is a polar molecule.

    Fishkills

    • Fishkills in hot summer days are likely due to decreased dissolved oxygen.

    Metal Density

    • Polonium has the highest density.

    Monomers for Condensation Polymerization

    • Diacids and diamines are suitable for condensation polymerization.

    Design and Application Scale

    • Nanotechnology involves the design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems at the nanoscale.

    Greenhouse Gases

    • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas.

    Edge Length and Atoms Per Unit Cell

    • Polonium has atoms at the corner of the cube with corner atoms touching.

    Repeatable Crystal Structure

    • A unit cell is the repeatable entity of a crystal structure.

    Acid Rain Effects

    • Acid rain can negatively impact vegetation (killing it).
    • Minerals leach out of soil (reducing plant nutrient availability).
    • Metals and stone buildings are corroded.
    • Precipitation with a pH below 5.6 is considered acid rain.

    Dissolved Oxygen and Turbidity

    • High turbidity decreases dissolved oxygen.

    Nitrogen Fixation

    • Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen gas into usable nitrogen compounds.

    Nanomaterials

    • Nanomaterials exist in nature.
    • Nanomaterials' properties can drastically change at small scales.
    • Nanomaterials have numerous scientific and applications across diverse fields.

    Eutrophication Causes

    • Fertilizers are a cause of eutrophication.
    • Detergents are a cause of eutrophication.
    • Clearing of forests through phosphate mining is a cause of eutrophication.
    • Carbon Dioxide is not a cause of eutrophication.

    Metal Lustre

    • Metals are lustrous because of the mobility of electrons within their structure.

    Carbon and Hydrogen Gases

    • Hydrocarbons are compounds containing carbon and hydrogen existing as gases.

    Atoms Per Unit Cell

    • Polonium has one atom per unit cell.

    Graphene Electronic Properties

    • Graphene electrons can move between carbon atoms because of sp2 hybridization and conjugation.

    Polymer Types

    • Wool, cotton, and silk are natural polymers.

    Polyethylene Isomerism

    • Polyethylene does not have isotactic or syndiotactic forms because its monomer is symmetrical.

    Copper Use in Electrical Cables

    • Copper is a ductile metal used in electrical cables due to its ductility (the ability to be drawn into wires).

    n-Type Semiconductors

    • n-type semiconductors form when a pentavalent impurity (like phosphorus) is added to a tetravalent semiconductor (like silicon).

    Metal Crystal Structure

    • Aluminum has atoms at the corners of the cubic structure and center atoms.

    Galvanization

    • Zinc (Zn) is used to protect iron in galvanization.

    Chemical Handling Safety

    • Chemicals must be properly stored with closed lids, labelled, and stored separately from flammable materials or gases.

    Group 1A Elements

    • Group 1A elements are the alkali metals (not alkaline earth metals).
    • They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
    • Their atomic radius tends to increase with increasing molecular weight.

    Additional Polymerization Monomers

    • Monomers with a carbon-to-carbon double bond are required.

    Endangered Animal

    • The exact animal at highest risk of extinction isn't presented.

    Simple Cubic Stacking

    • A simple cubic structure's stacking pattern is not mentioned.

    Cathodic Protection

    • The sacrificial metal (more reactive) oxidizes and prevents the protected metal from oxidizing.

    Incorrect Statements about Nanomaterials

    • Nanomaterials can be developed only (incorrect)

    Metal Density

    • Metals are dense due to close-packed arrangements of atoms.

    Chemical Reactions

    • MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2 (Correct)
    • Na + H2O → NaOH (Correct)
    • Ca + O2 → CaO (Correct)
    • Na + Cl2 → NaCl (Correct)

    CFCs

    • CFCs were used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants.
    • Chlorine atoms break free from CFCs and attack ozone.
    • CFCs can persist in the atmosphere for up to a century.
    • Each CFC molecule can destroy many ozone molecules.

    Mass of Unit Cell

    • The mass of the unit cell is 6.15 x 10⁻²² g.

    Unlikely Situations

    • A solution of zinc chloride stored in an aluminum container can be impure. (A likely occurrence)
    • A magnesium bar being used to protect an iron pipe from corrosion. (A likely occurrence)
    • Zinc strip placed in CuSO4 causing a color change.. (Likely)
    • Iron cleaning using acids. (Likely)

    Palladium Edge Length

    • The edge length (a) of the Palladium unit cell is 3.88 * 10⁻⁸ cm.

    Palladium Atomic Radius

    • The atomic radius is 1.76x10⁻⁸ cm.

    Crystal Structure Image

    • The image (not shown) is needed to identify the crystal structure.

    Crystalline Solid

    • Metal is a crystalline solid.

    Man-Made Polymer

    • Polysaccharide is a natural polymer not a man-made one.

    Polymer Elasticity

    • Polymer elasticity is due to the amorphous structure within the polymer.

    Pollutant

    • Anything that alters the natural environment is a pollutant.

    Palladium Volume

    • The volume of Palladium is 8.82 x 10-²³ cm³

    Oxidizing Metals

    • Lithium is the metal with the greatest tendency to be oxidized.

    Metal Reactions

    • Metals reacting with halides form salts.
    • Active metals react with acids to release hydrogen.
    • Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
    • Metal oxides react with water to form acids.(Correct)

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts in materials science, focusing on quantum dots, properties of metals, malleability, ductility, and corrosion prevention methods. Explore the unique characteristics of nanoparticles and metals, and assess your understanding of their applications and properties.

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