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Questions and Answers
Which of the following areas are influenced by materials? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following areas are influenced by materials? (Select all that apply)
Materials science only contributes to engineering fields.
Materials science only contributes to engineering fields.
False
Name one component that makes up the discipline of materials science and engineering.
Name one component that makes up the discipline of materials science and engineering.
Any specific component (e.g. structure, properties, performance, or processing).
Materials science contributes to fields such as medicine, transportation, and _____ production.
Materials science contributes to fields such as medicine, transportation, and _____ production.
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Match the following applications with their corresponding fields influenced by materials:
Match the following applications with their corresponding fields influenced by materials:
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Which method is used to determine the amount or concentration of a particular compound in a sample?
Which method is used to determine the amount or concentration of a particular compound in a sample?
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Qualitative analysis measures the concentration of substances in a sample.
Qualitative analysis measures the concentration of substances in a sample.
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Name one method used in quantitative analysis to determine concentrations.
Name one method used in quantitative analysis to determine concentrations.
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Quantitative analysis involves measuring the sample's physical properties such as mass, volume, and _____ to determine concentrations.
Quantitative analysis involves measuring the sample's physical properties such as mass, volume, and _____ to determine concentrations.
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Match the types of analysis to their definitions:
Match the types of analysis to their definitions:
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Which of the following is an example of a physical method in quantitative analysis?
Which of the following is an example of a physical method in quantitative analysis?
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Chemical methods include physical characteristics of a sample.
Chemical methods include physical characteristics of a sample.
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What can result in inaccurate results in quantitative analysis?
What can result in inaccurate results in quantitative analysis?
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What is the primary focus of Quality Assurance?
What is the primary focus of Quality Assurance?
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Quality Control is a subset of Quality Assurance.
Quality Control is a subset of Quality Assurance.
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What is the definition of Quality Control?
What is the definition of Quality Control?
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Quality Assurance provides confidence both internally to management and __________.
Quality Assurance provides confidence both internally to management and __________.
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In a service organization, what might Quality Control include?
In a service organization, what might Quality Control include?
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Inspection is only applicable to tangible products.
Inspection is only applicable to tangible products.
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Quality Control relates to how a process is performed or how a product is __________.
Quality Control relates to how a process is performed or how a product is __________.
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What happens to positive ions in the flame during the detection process?
What happens to positive ions in the flame during the detection process?
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The electric current generated by the flame ionisation detector is significantly large.
The electric current generated by the flame ionisation detector is significantly large.
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What is the main disadvantage of using a flame ionisation detector?
What is the main disadvantage of using a flame ionisation detector?
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The areas under the peaks in the output are proportional to the amount of each compound which has passed the ______.
The areas under the peaks in the output are proportional to the amount of each compound which has passed the ______.
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What does the flame ionisation detector output represent?
What does the flame ionisation detector output represent?
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Compounds must be similar for accurate measurement using the flame ionisation detector.
Compounds must be similar for accurate measurement using the flame ionisation detector.
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In what way can the current be amplified in the flame ionisation detector?
In what way can the current be amplified in the flame ionisation detector?
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What is the effect of a compound having a high boiling point when first entering the column?
What is the effect of a compound having a high boiling point when first entering the column?
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A higher column temperature results in longer retention times for all compounds.
A higher column temperature results in longer retention times for all compounds.
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What is the role of temperature in the chromatographic process?
What is the role of temperature in the chromatographic process?
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The presence of ions and electrons produced during the burning of an organic compound can be detected in the __________.
The presence of ions and electrons produced during the burning of an organic compound can be detected in the __________.
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What happens to compounds with high solubility in the liquid phase?
What happens to compounds with high solubility in the liquid phase?
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Match the characteristics with their corresponding effects on retention time:
Match the characteristics with their corresponding effects on retention time:
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What is the recommended procedure for temperature management in the column?
What is the recommended procedure for temperature management in the column?
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The flame ionisation detector operates at a lower temperature than the column.
The flame ionisation detector operates at a lower temperature than the column.
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What is one major requirement for a thermobalance?
What is one major requirement for a thermobalance?
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Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) can be used to study the moisture content of organic components.
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) can be used to study the moisture content of organic components.
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What is one advantage of TGA?
What is one advantage of TGA?
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TGA is used for the thermal characterization of __________.
TGA is used for the thermal characterization of __________.
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Which of the following is a limitation of TGA?
Which of the following is a limitation of TGA?
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Match the following applications of TGA with their correct descriptions:
Match the following applications of TGA with their correct descriptions:
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What does TGA not exhibit during analysis?
What does TGA not exhibit during analysis?
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The rate of heating in TGA should be linear for accurate analysis.
The rate of heating in TGA should be linear for accurate analysis.
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Study Notes
Role of Materials in Engineering
- Materials are crucial to modern life, impacting transportation, housing, communication, and more.
- Materials science and engineering deal with the relationships between material structure and properties.
- Materials scientists create new materials, while engineers utilize existing resources to build new products/systems.
- Materials science and engineering combine fundamental knowledge of physics, chemistry, and mathematics with engineering disciplines.
Materials Science and Engineering
- Materials science focuses on the relationships between structure and properties of materials.
- Materials engineering applies these relationships, designing materials with specific properties.
- The four key elements are processing/synthesis, structure/composition, properties, and performance/application.
- This discipline is vital for designing and producing materials to meet societal needs.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
- Quality assurance (QA) focuses on ensuring quality requirements are met, providing confidence to both internal management and external parties.
- Quality control (QC) focuses on fulfilling quality requirements—it's the operational techniques/activities.
- Inspection involves measuring, examining, and testing products or services to ensure conformity to specified requirements.
- Auditing is part of QA, comparing actual conditions with requirements and reporting results to management.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
- Qualitative analysis identifies the presence/absence of elements or compounds in a sample.
- Qualitative analysis uses observational techniques, including color, texture, odor, and chemical tests.
- Quantitative analysis measures the quantity/concentration of a specific element or compound in a sample.
Quantitative Analysis Methods
- Titration, gravimetric, combustion, and chemical reactions (oxidation, reduction, precipitation, neutralization) are examples of quantitative analysis methods.
- Physical methods also measure physical characteristics to determine concentration (Atomic emission spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence, spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy).
Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
- Qualitative Analysis identifies elements/compounds presence or absence; Quantitative analysis measures the amount/concentration.
- Qualitative analysis is simple using chemical tests (color, precipitate); Quantitative analysis is more precise with instruments (mass, volume).
- Qualitative analysis is less precise relying on subjective observations. Quantitative analysis is more precise using objective measurements.
- Qualitative analysis uses small sample sizes; Quantitative analysis uses larger sample sizes for accurate results.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
- UV-Vis spectroscopy measures the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet and visible regions.
- Electrons in molecules move from ground to higher energy states upon ultraviolet radiation absorption
- UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to identify impurities, elucidate the structure of organic compounds, and measure the quantitative determination of compounds.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
- HPLC is a liquid chromatography technique for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in a mixture.
- HPLC involves a stationary phase and mobile phase (a solvent); High pressure forces the mobile phase through the column for better separation.
- Detection methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy are used for identification and quantification of separated compounds.
Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC)
- GLC separates volatile compounds in a gaseous mobile phase.
- GLC typically uses a high-boiling-point liquid adsorbed onto a solid as a stationary phase in a column.
- Compounds with stronger interactions with the stationary phase (i.e. higher solubility) spend more time in the column, resulting in different retention times.
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
- TGA measures weight changes of a sample as a function of temperature.
- TGA provides information on thermal characteristics of polymers, alloys, and determining the purity of specific samples.
- TGA is used for corrosion studies and kinetic studies of isothermal reactions.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
- SEM is a microscopy technique that scans a surface with a focused beam of electrons.
- SEM uses secondary electrons emitted from the sample to generate an image, allowing visualization of surface topography and compositional information
- SEM is used to examine various materials, including biological samples, and useful in determining structure and composition of samples.
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Description
Explore the critical role of materials in engineering and their impact on modern life, including transportation and housing. Understand the principles of materials science, including the relationships between material structure, properties, and their applications. Dive into key elements like processing and performance that shape the field.
