Materials Engineering Classification
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Questions and Answers

Examples of ceramic materials include ______, porcelain, and many minerals.

glass

Atomic materials with very high strength under compression, low ductility and are usually ______ to heat and electricity.

insulators

Polymers are typically ______ and thermal insulators.

electrical

Conducting polymers can be obtained by ______.

<p>doping</p> Signup and view all the answers

Composite materials are multiphase materials obtained by artificial combination of different materials to attain properties that the individual components cannot ______.

<p>attain</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a composite material is a lightweight brake disc obtained by embedding ______ particles in Al alloy matrix.

<p>SiC</p> Signup and view all the answers

Materials that can sense changes in their environment and respond accordingly are known as ______ materials.

<p>smart</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classification of materials can be based on their ______.

<p>chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ceramics, polymers, and composites are examples of ______ materials.

<p>traditional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nanomaterials are classified based on their ______.

<p>size</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites are the four basic types of ______.

<p>materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'nano' in nanomaterials denotes that the dimensions of these entities are on the order of a ______.

<p>nanometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metals are characterized by high thermal and electrical ______

<p>conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pure metals are not good enough for many applications, especially structural applications, thus metals are used in ______ form

<p>alloy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ceramics are usually made either of oxides, carbides, nitrides, or silicates of ______

<p>metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

One can classify materials based on many criteria, for example crystal structure, or properties, or ______

<p>use</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metals are opaque to light and appear shiny if ______

<p>polished</p> Signup and view all the answers

Materials science enables engineers to understand the limits of materials and the change of their properties with ______

<p>use</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Materials Classification

  • Materials are classified into groups based on criteria such as crystal structure, properties, or use.

Metals

  • Characterized by high thermal and electrical conductivity, strong yet deformable under mechanical loads, and opaque to light.
  • Atoms are bound together by metallic bonds, with valence electrons detached from atoms and spread in an electron sea.
  • Pure metals are often used in alloy form to improve desired qualities (e.g., aluminum, steel, brass, gold).

Ceramics

  • Inorganic compounds made of oxides, carbides, nitrides, or silicates of metals.
  • Atoms (ions) behave like positive or negative ions and are bound by strong forces between them.
  • Characterized by high strength under compression, low ductility, and are usually insulators to heat and electricity (e.g., glass, porcelain, minerals).

Polymers

  • Consist of molecules with covalent bonding within each molecule (thermo-plastics) or a network of covalent bonds (thermo-sets).
  • Based on H, C, and other non-metallic elements.
  • Typically amorphous, with the exception of a minority of thermoplastics.
  • Electrical and thermal insulators, but can be made conducting by doping or using conducting fillers.
  • Decompose at moderate temperatures (100 – 400°C).

Composites

  • Multiphase materials obtained by combining different materials to attain properties individual components cannot achieve.
  • Example: lightweight brake disc made by embedding SiC particles in an Al alloy matrix.

Smart Materials

  • Can sense changes in their environment and respond in predetermined manners, similar to living organisms.
  • Being developed for use in sophisticated systems with traditional materials.

Nanomaterials

  • Classified based on size, with dimensions on the order of a nanometer (10–9 m), typically less than 100 nanometers in diameter.
  • Can be metals, ceramics, polymers, or composites, but distinguished by their size rather than chemistry.
  • Have fascinating properties and tremendous technological promise.

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Description

This quiz covers the classification of materials in engineering, including selecting materials based on cost and performance, understanding material limits, and creating new materials with desirable properties.

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