Questions and Answers
What are the different classifications of materials?
Why are composites not typically used in the construction of a lab/plant?
Very useful although are very expensive so alternatives are used.
What is a base metal?
Common inexpensive metals that corrode and oxidize easily.
What are precious metals?
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Define alloys.
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Define ferrous.
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Define noble metal.
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What properties does a metal typically have?
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What is carbon steel composed of?
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What is stainless steel composed of?
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What is brass composed of?
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What are the benefits of using metals to make pipes?
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What are the drawbacks of using metals to make pipes?
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State some examples of natural polymers.
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What is a thermoplastic?
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What is a thermosetting plastic?
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Define elastomers.
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Define co-polymer.
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What is the main source of polymers?
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What are the 5 key stages of producing polymers in terms of extraction to final production?
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List key characteristics of plastics.
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What are the two classes of ceramics?
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What are the properties of stiff ceramics?
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What are the properties of glass ceramics?
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Define a composite.
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What are 4 types of composites?
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What are the 3 main types of composites?
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Study Notes
Material Classifications
- Materials are classified into three main categories: metals, ceramics, and polymers; these can combine to form composites.
Composites Usage
- Composites, while providing valuable properties, are often too expensive for typical lab or plant construction, leading to the choice of alternatives.
Base and Precious Metals
- Base metals are common, inexpensive metals that are prone to corrosion and oxidation.
- Precious metals are rare, naturally occurring elements, known for their resistance to corrosion.
Alloys and Ferrous Materials
- Alloys are mixtures of two or more elements, with at least one being a metal.
- Ferrous materials primarily contain iron, impacting their properties and applications.
Noble Metals
- Noble metals, like platinum and palladium, resist corrosion and oxidation, making them valuable in various applications.
Metal Properties
- Metals generally exhibit high stiffness and ductility, softening under stress but can be strengthened through alloying or treatment.
- They are good conductors of electricity and heat but are also reactive and prone to corrosion.
Specific Metal Compositions
- Carbon steel consists of iron and carbon, enhancing tensile strength.
- Stainless steel incorporates chromium for improved resistance against rust and corrosion.
- Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, known for its excellent malleability.
Metals in Pipe Production
- Benefits include high strength, non-porous nature for fluid containment, easy processing, worldwide availability, high thermal conductivity, and recyclability.
- Drawbacks are susceptibility to corrosion, wear from particles, high thermal conductivity, and the potential for cheaper alternatives.
Polymers Overview
- Natural polymers include cellulose, wool, leather, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- Thermoplastics become moldable when heated and solidify upon cooling, while thermosetting plastics do not re-melt and harden permanently.
Elastomers and Co-polymers
- Elastomers have low Young's modulus and can return to their original shape post-deformation; they can be thermoplastic or thermosetting.
- Co-polymers consist of multiple monomers to enhance material properties.
Polymeric Sources and Production Steps
- The primary source for polymers is crude oil, with natural gas also contributing.
- Key stages of polymer production include extraction of natural resources, distillation, cracking, polymerization, and the final polymer formation.
Plastic Characteristics
- Characteristics include ductility, corrosion resistance, low density, insulation properties, and ease of coloring.
- Noted for low stiffness, yield strength, thermal conductivity, and variable temperature dependence of properties.
Ceramic Classes and Properties
- Ceramics are classified into two main types: stiff ceramics and glass.
- Stiff ceramics are known for high elasticity, abrasion resistance, and brittleness.
- Glass ceramics are hard, corrosion-resistant, electrically insulating, and transparent, but brittle.
Composites Definition and Types
- Composites are engineered to achieve unique property combinations like high strength and low weight.
- They can be unidirectional, laminate, chopper fiber, or particulate, all supported by a matrix material.
- The three primary composite types are polymer matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and metal matrix composites.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the classification of materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers, as well as the specifics of composites and base metals. It aims to enhance your understanding of material properties and their applications in various fields. Test your knowledge and prepare for further studies in materials science!