Material Deformation and Equilibrium Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the strain produced by a hydraulic pressure called?

Volume strain

What is the strain defined as the ratio of relative displacement of the faces to the length of the cylinder?

Shearing strain

What is the restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force known as?

Shearing stress

What is the angular displacement of the cylinder from the vertical called?

Tangential displacement Signup and view all the answers

What is the strain produced by a shearing force called?

Shearing strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied hydraulic pressure known as?

Hydraulic stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of change in volume to the original volume called?

Volume strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the strain defined as the ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension?

Volume strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the strain produced by the applied tangential force called?

Shearing strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the strain produced by a longitudinal force called?

Longitudinal strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the restoring force per unit area when a body is stretched by two equal forces applied normal to its cross-sectional area?

Tensile stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of stress?

N m$^{-2}$ or pascal (Pa) Signup and view all the answers

What is the dimensional formula of stress?

[ ML$^{-1}$T$^{-2}$ ] Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in the length of a body to the original length when it is subjected to tensile or compressive stress?

Longitudinal strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the restoring force per unit area when a cylinder is compressed under the action of applied forces?

Compressive stress Signup and view all the answers

In which way does a solid change its dimensions when an external force acts on it in Fig. 8.1(a)?

Stretched Signup and view all the answers

What is the restoring force per unit area known as when a body is subjected to tensile or compressive stress?

Longitudinal stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the restoring force per unit area when a body is subjected to shearing forces?

Shear stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the change in the dimensions of a solid when an external force acts on it?

Strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the restoring force per unit area known as when a body is subjected to forces causing change in volume?

Volumetric stress Signup and view all the answers

Stress is defined as the restoring force per unit area developed in a body when subjected to deforming forces.

True Signup and view all the answers

The SI unit of stress is N m$^{-2}$ or pascal (Pa).

True Signup and view all the answers

Longitudinal stress can also be referred to as compressive stress.

False Signup and view all the answers

The change in the length of a body to the original length when it is subjected to tensile or compressive stress is known as longitudinal strain.

True Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force is known as shear stress.

True Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area developed when a body is stretched by two equal forces applied normal to its cross-sectional area is known as tensile stress.

True Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area when a body is subjected to shearing forces is known as compressive stress.

False Signup and view all the answers

The strain produced by the applied tangential force is called lateral strain.

False Signup and view all the answers

The change in the length of a cylinder when it is stretched by two equal forces applied normal to its cross-sectional area is known as lateral strain.

False Signup and view all the answers

The ratio of change in volume to the original volume is called longitudinal strain.

False Signup and view all the answers

Longitudinal strain is defined as the ratio of change in length to the original length of the cylinder.

False Signup and view all the answers

When a solid sphere is placed in a fluid under high pressure, it undergoes shearing strain.

False Signup and view all the answers

The strain produced by a hydraulic pressure is called volume strain.

True Signup and view all the answers

The angular displacement of the cylinder from the vertical is nearly equal to its tangent when the angle is very small.

True Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force is known as hydraulic stress.

False Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force is known as tangential stress.

True Signup and view all the answers

The volume strain has no units or dimensional formula.

True Signup and view all the answers

The strain produced by a shearing force is called shearing strain.

True Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force is known as tangential stress.

True Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area in the case of hydraulic compression is equal in magnitude to the hydraulic pressure.

True Signup and view all the answers

Define stress and give its SI unit and dimensional formula.

Stress is the restoring force per unit area developed in a body when subjected to deforming forces. Its SI unit is N m$^{-2}$ or pascal (Pa) and its dimensional formula is [ML$^{-1}$T$^{-2}$]. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three ways in which a solid may change its dimensions when an external force acts on it?

A solid may change its dimensions by stretching (tensile stress), compressing (compressive stress), or undergoing shearing (shearing stress) when an external force acts on it. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of longitudinal strain.

Longitudinal strain is the change in the length $\Delta L$ to the original length $L$ of the body when it is subjected to tensile or compressive stress. Signup and view all the answers

What is the restoring force per unit area known as when a body is subjected to tensile or compressive stress?

The restoring force per unit area is known as longitudinal stress when a body is subjected to tensile or compressive stress. Signup and view all the answers

Define the strain produced by a shearing force and give its name.

The strain produced by a shearing force is called shearing strain, and it is the ratio of the relative displacement of the faces to the length of the body. Signup and view all the answers

Define shearing strain and provide its mathematical representation.

Shearing strain is the strain produced by a shearing force and is defined as the ratio of the relative displacement of the faces $\Delta x$ to the length of the cylinder $L$. Mathematically, shearing strain is represented as $\Delta = \frac{\Delta x}{L}$. Signup and view all the answers

What is volume strain and how is it mathematically expressed?

Volume strain is the strain produced by a hydraulic pressure and is defined as the ratio of the change in volume $\Delta V$ to the original volume $V$. Mathematically, volume strain is represented as $\Delta = \frac{\Delta V}{V}$. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between angle $\theta$ and the tangent of $\theta$ in the context of shearing strain.

In the context of shearing strain, when the angle $\theta$ is very small, the relationship between $\theta$ and the tangent of $\theta$ can be approximated as $\tan \theta \approx \theta$. This means that if $\theta = 10^\circ$, for example, there is only a 1% difference between $\theta$ and $\tan \theta$. Signup and view all the answers

What is hydraulic stress and how is it related to the applied hydraulic pressure?

Hydraulic stress is the internal restoring force per unit area developed in a body when subjected to a hydraulic pressure. Its magnitude is equal to the applied hydraulic pressure (applied force per unit area). Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of longitudinal strain and provide its mathematical expression.

Longitudinal strain is the strain produced by a longitudinal force and is defined as the ratio of the change in length $\Delta L$ to the original length $L$. Mathematically, longitudinal strain is represented as $\Delta = \frac{\Delta L}{L}$. Signup and view all the answers

______ is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the applied force

restoring force Signup and view all the answers

The SI unit of stress is N m$^{-2}$ or pascal (Pa) and its dimensional formula is

[ ML$^{-1}$T$^{-2}$ ] Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area in this case is called ______ stress

tensile Signup and view all the answers

The change in the length ∆L to the original length L of the body is known as ______ strain

longitudinal Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area when a body is subjected to forces causing change in volume is known as ______ stress

hydraulic Signup and view all the answers

There are three ways in which a solid may change its dimensions when an external force acts on it. These are shown in Fig. 8.1. In Fig.8.1(a), a cylinder is stretched by two equal forces applied normal to its cross-sectional area. The restoring force per unit area in this case is called ______ stress

tensile Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area when a body is subjected to shearing forces is known as ______ stress

compressive Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force is known as ______ stress

tangential Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area developed when a body is stretched by two equal forces applied normal to its cross-sectional area is known as ______ stress

tensile Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied hydraulic pressure is known as ______ stress

hydraulic Signup and view all the answers

Longitudinal strain is defined as the ratio of change in length to the original length of the cylinder.

longitudinal strain $\Delta = \frac{\Delta L}{L}$ Signup and view all the answers

Shearing strain is defined as the ratio of relative displacement of the faces to the length of the cylinder.

shearing strain $\Delta = \frac{\Delta x}{L} = \tan \theta$ Signup and view all the answers

The strain produced by a hydraulic pressure is called _____ strain.

volume Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force is known as _____ stress.

tangential or shearing Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area in the case of hydraulic compression is equal in magnitude to the hydraulic pressure.

true Signup and view all the answers

The angular displacement of the cylinder from the vertical is nearly equal to its tangent when the angle is very small.

true Signup and view all the answers

_____ strain has no units or dimensional formula.

volume Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area when a body is stretched by two equal forces applied normal to its cross-sectional area is known as _____ stress.

tensile Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force per unit area when a body is subjected to shearing forces is known as _____ stress.

compressive Signup and view all the answers

The change in the length of a body to the original length when it is subjected to tensile or compressive stress is known as _____ strain.

longitudinal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Shearing strain = Ratio of relative displacement of the faces to the length of the cylinder Hydraulic stress = Restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied hydraulic pressure Volume strain = Ratio of change in volume to the original volume Longitudinal strain = Ratio of change in length to the original length of the cylinder Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stress types with their descriptions:

Tangential stress = Restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force Compressive stress = Restoring force per unit area developed when a body is compressed under the action of applied forces Lateral stress = Restoring force per unit area developed when a body is stretched by two equal forces applied normal to its cross-sectional area Hydraulic stress = Restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied hydraulic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their mathematical representations:

Shearing strain = $\Delta = \frac{\Delta x}{L}$ Volume strain = $\Delta = \frac{\Delta V}{V}$ Longitudinal strain = $\Delta = \frac{\Delta L}{L}$ Tangential stress = Restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stress types with their applications:

Tangential stress = Applied tangential force Compressive stress = Forces causing change in volume Lateral stress = Two equal forces applied normal to the cross-sectional area Hydraulic stress = Fluid under high pressure Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their examples:

Shearing strain = Book pressed with the hand and pushed horizontally Hydraulic stress = Solid sphere placed in fluid under high pressure Volume strain = Solid sphere compressed uniformly on all sides Longitudinal strain = Cylinder stretched by two equal forces applied normal to its cross-sectional area Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Deformation and Stress

When a body is subjected to a deforming force, it is deformed to a small or large extent depending on the material and magnitude of the force.
The deformation may not be visually noticeable, but it is present.
A restoring force is developed in the body, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the applied force.

Stress

Stress is the restoring force per unit area.
The formula for stress is: Stress = F/A, where F is the force applied normal to the cross-section and A is the area of the cross-section.
The SI unit of stress is N m⁻² or Pascal (Pa).
The dimensional formula of stress is [ML⁻¹T⁻²].

Types of Stress

There are three ways a solid may change its dimensions when an external force acts on it.
Tensile stress occurs when a body is stretched by forces applied normal to its cross-sectional area.
Compressive stress occurs when a body is compressed under the action of applied forces.
Both tensile and compressive stress can be termed as longitudinal stress.

Strain

Longitudinal strain is the change in length (∆L) to the original length (L) of the body.
Longitudinal strain occurs when there is a change in the length of the body due to tensile or compressive stress.

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Description

Test your knowledge of material deformation and equilibrium with this quiz. Explore the concepts of deforming forces, restoring forces, and material behavior under external forces.