Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
What is the primary goal of the pulmonary circulation?
What is the primary goal of the pulmonary circulation?
Which segment of the vascular system has lower pressure and vascular resistance compared to the systemic circuit?
Which segment of the vascular system has lower pressure and vascular resistance compared to the systemic circuit?
What is the purpose of blood flow redistribution during exercise and rest?
What is the purpose of blood flow redistribution during exercise and rest?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor is responsible for the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II?
Which receptor is responsible for the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hypothesis of autoregulation suggests that decreased pressure and flow result in buildup of vasodilator metabolites that produce vasodilation?
Which hypothesis of autoregulation suggests that decreased pressure and flow result in buildup of vasodilator metabolites that produce vasodilation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor is responsible for the vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin-1 (ET1)?
Which receptor is responsible for the vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin-1 (ET1)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on vascular resistance on a minute-to-minute basis?
Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on vascular resistance on a minute-to-minute basis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following represents the primary site of vascular resistance maintaining normal blood pressure?
Which of the following represents the primary site of vascular resistance maintaining normal blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following hormones is involved in short-term regulation of blood pressure?
Which of the following hormones is involved in short-term regulation of blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following endothelial factors is responsible for vasodilation?
Which of the following endothelial factors is responsible for vasodilation?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the Law of Laplace, which of the following occurs when the arterial wall weakens in response to increased pressure, causing a vicious cycle of dilation, increased radius, increased tension, and ultimately a weakened wall?
According to the Law of Laplace, which of the following occurs when the arterial wall weakens in response to increased pressure, causing a vicious cycle of dilation, increased radius, increased tension, and ultimately a weakened wall?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following blood vessels are less compliant than veins but are subjected to greater pressure changes as they receive the stroke volume of the heart during systole?
Which of the following blood vessels are less compliant than veins but are subjected to greater pressure changes as they receive the stroke volume of the heart during systole?
Signup and view all the answers
Which blood vessels contain an abundance of elastic fibers that stretch during systole and return to their original shape and size during diastole, helping to maintain diastolic blood pressure and tissue perfusion between heart beats?
Which blood vessels contain an abundance of elastic fibers that stretch during systole and return to their original shape and size during diastole, helping to maintain diastolic blood pressure and tissue perfusion between heart beats?
Signup and view all the answers
In turbulent flow, such as downstream from an atherosclerotic plaque and in areas of vascular branching, what happens to endothelial shear stress, leading to decreased nitric oxide production?
In turbulent flow, such as downstream from an atherosclerotic plaque and in areas of vascular branching, what happens to endothelial shear stress, leading to decreased nitric oxide production?
Signup and view all the answers
During exercise, blood flow is redistributed to areas with greater metabolic need. This is an adaptive mechanism that ensures that blood is being directed to areas with increased activity.
During exercise, blood flow is redistributed to areas with greater metabolic need. This is an adaptive mechanism that ensures that blood is being directed to areas with increased activity.
Signup and view all the answers
Which layer of blood vessels contains concentric layers of smooth muscle cells?
Which layer of blood vessels contains concentric layers of smooth muscle cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary site of systemic vascular resistance in the circulatory system?
What is the primary site of systemic vascular resistance in the circulatory system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between vascular pressure and the development of tension in the blood vessel wall?
What is the relationship between vascular pressure and the development of tension in the blood vessel wall?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a compensatory response to an acute drop in blood pressure?
Which of the following is NOT a compensatory response to an acute drop in blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most likely cause of the patient's fainting spell?
What is the most likely cause of the patient's fainting spell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hypothesis of hypertension origin suggests an initial defect in sodium and water retention that increases vascular volume and cardiac output?
Which hypothesis of hypertension origin suggests an initial defect in sodium and water retention that increases vascular volume and cardiac output?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to hypertension seen as a component of the metabolic syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to hypertension seen as a component of the metabolic syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of hypertension according to the book?
What is the definition of hypertension according to the book?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the efferent limb of the reflex arc in the baroreflex compensatory response?
What is the efferent limb of the reflex arc in the baroreflex compensatory response?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following mediators is responsible for preventing orthostatic hypotension?
Which of the following mediators is responsible for preventing orthostatic hypotension?
Signup and view all the answers
Which mediator is released from the cardiac atria/ventricles in response to stretch and increases in heart failure?
Which mediator is released from the cardiac atria/ventricles in response to stretch and increases in heart failure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which mediator is tonically produced by normal endothelial cells and promotes vasodilation?
Which mediator is tonically produced by normal endothelial cells and promotes vasodilation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which mediator is released by mast cells in areas of trauma or allergic responses and contributes to inflammatory and allergic vasodilation?
Which mediator is released by mast cells in areas of trauma or allergic responses and contributes to inflammatory and allergic vasodilation?
Signup and view all the answers
