27 Questions
Which structure of the urinary system forms urine?
Renal corpuscle
What tissue composes the fibrous capsule that directly adheres to the kidney?
Dense irregular CT
What are the regions of the kidney that drain urine?
Collecting tubules and collecting ducts
What three anatomic structures of the kidney are innervated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Renal corpuscle, renal tubule, collecting duct
Which structures compose the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What is the general function of the kidneys?
To filter blood and remove waste products
What is the relationship among minor calyces, major calyces, and renal pelvis?
Minor calyces collect urine and empty into major calyces, which then empty into the renal pelvis
Which process is responsible for the initial formation of urine?
Filtration
What are the three layers that make up the glomerular filtration membrane?
Endothelium, basement membrane, and visceral layer of glomerular capsule
Which of the following is a variable influenced by net filtration pressure in glomerular filtration?
GFR
Which substances are freely filtered by the glomerular filtration membrane?
Water, glucose, amino acids, and ions
What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) if the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) is 60 mmHg, the blood colloid osmotic pressure (OPg) is 32 mmHg, and the capsular hydrostatic pressure (HPc) is 18 mmHg?
10 mmHg
Which of the following is NOT a process involved in renal autoregulation?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
What happens to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) when there is decreased blood pressure?
GFR decreases
What is the range of blood pressure within which renal autoregulation can maintain normal glomerular pressure and GFR?
80 to 180 mm Hg
Which of the following hormones is released from the granular cells of the JG apparatus in response to a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Renin
What is the effect of angiotensin II on the efferent arterioles in the kidney?
Vasoconstriction
Which hormone stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?
Angiotensin II
What is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the afferent arteriole in the kidney?
Relaxation
Does urine production increase, decrease, or stay the same in response to an increase in glomerular filtration rate?
Increase
What are the three factors that regulate glomerular filtration rate?
Blood pressure, blood flow, and blood pH
Renal autoregulation is effective with a MAP between 80 and 180 mm Hg. Would renal autoregulation be effective in an individual with a blood pressure of 300/150 mm Hg?
No, it would not be effective
What is the transport maximum (Tm) of a substance?
The maximum rate of substance that can be reabsorbed across tubule epithelium per unit time
Which of the following is true about juxtamedullary nephrons?
They help establish the salt concentration gradient in the interstitial space.
Which of the following is true about collecting ducts in the kidney?
They are located within the renal papilla.
What are the two primary cellular components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, and how is each stimulated?
Granular cells and macula densa; granular cells are stimulated by changes in NaCl concentration and macula densa by paracrine stimulation.
What is the correct sequence of arteries that supply the kidney, from largest to smallest?
Renal artery, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, interlobar arteries.
Test your knowledge on the regulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the 5e edition. This quiz focuses on the neural and hormonal control of GFR, specifically the extrinsic controls that involve physiological processes to change GFR. Explore how sympathetic stimulation decreases GFR through vasoconstriction of arterioles and the role of granular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
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