Mastering the Regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in 5e

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Which structure of the urinary system forms urine?

Renal corpuscle (correct)

Renal tubule

Collecting tubule

Collecting duct

What tissue composes the fibrous capsule that directly adheres to the kidney?

Perinephric fat

Renal fascia

Dense irregular CT (correct)

Adipose CT

What are the regions of the kidney that drain urine?

Collecting tubules and collecting ducts (correct)

Nephrons and collecting tubules

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Cortex and medulla

What three anatomic structures of the kidney are innervated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Renal corpuscle, renal tubule, collecting duct Signup and view all the answers

Which structures compose the urinary system?

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the general function of the kidneys?

To filter blood and remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship among minor calyces, major calyces, and renal pelvis?

Minor calyces collect urine and empty into major calyces, which then empty into the renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the initial formation of urine?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What are the three layers that make up the glomerular filtration membrane?

Endothelium, basement membrane, and visceral layer of glomerular capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a variable influenced by net filtration pressure in glomerular filtration?

GFR Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are freely filtered by the glomerular filtration membrane?

Water, glucose, amino acids, and ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) if the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) is 60 mmHg, the blood colloid osmotic pressure (OPg) is 32 mmHg, and the capsular hydrostatic pressure (HPc) is 18 mmHg?

10 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a process involved in renal autoregulation?

Atrial natriuretic peptide Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) when there is decreased blood pressure?

GFR decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of blood pressure within which renal autoregulation can maintain normal glomerular pressure and GFR?

80 to 180 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is released from the granular cells of the JG apparatus in response to a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Renin Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on the efferent arterioles in the kidney?

Vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

Angiotensin II Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the afferent arteriole in the kidney?

Relaxation Signup and view all the answers

Does urine production increase, decrease, or stay the same in response to an increase in glomerular filtration rate?

Increase Signup and view all the answers

What are the three factors that regulate glomerular filtration rate?

Blood pressure, blood flow, and blood pH Signup and view all the answers

Renal autoregulation is effective with a MAP between 80 and 180 mm Hg. Would renal autoregulation be effective in an individual with a blood pressure of 300/150 mm Hg?

No, it would not be effective Signup and view all the answers

What is the transport maximum (Tm) of a substance?

The maximum rate of substance that can be reabsorbed across tubule epithelium per unit time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about juxtamedullary nephrons?

They help establish the salt concentration gradient in the interstitial space. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about collecting ducts in the kidney?

They are located within the renal papilla. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary cellular components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, and how is each stimulated?

Granular cells and macula densa; granular cells are stimulated by changes in NaCl concentration and macula densa by paracrine stimulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of arteries that supply the kidney, from largest to smallest?

Renal artery, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, interlobar arteries. Signup and view all the answers