27 Questions
Which structure thins and dilates during childbirth?
Cervix
Where does oogenesis occur?
Ovaries
What is the function of the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)?
Transporting oocytes released from ovaries to the uterus
Which hormone provides negative feedback to the pituitary, inhibiting FSH release?
Estrogen
During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the dominant follicle produce estrogen?
Follicular phase
What hormone causes the endometrium to become thicker in the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen
What is the role of the corpus luteum during the luteal phase of the ovary?
Secrete progesterone and estrogen
Which structure transports oocytes released from the ovaries to the uterus?
Uterine tubes
What is the function of the beating action of cilia in the lining of the uterine tubes?
To create a current to help move egg cells along
What is the site of implantation during the menstrual cycle?
Endometrium
What is the name of the large cell surrounded by a layer of follicular cells in a primordial follicle?
Oocyte
What is the name of the fluid-filled structure that ruptures to release the oocyte during ovulation?
Graffian follicle
What is the name of the ruptured follicle after ovulation?
Corpus luteum
How many follicles usually get released from the ovary during ovulation?
3-30
What is the process called when the other follicles die during the menstrual cycle?
Atresia
What is the name of the structure produced by granulosa cells in the primary follicle?
Zona pellucida
During prenatal development, how many primordial follicles are formed?
Millions
During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the LH surge occur?
Ovulation phase
What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?
Causing endometrium to become thicker
What hormone prompts the corpus luteum to continue secretion in case of fertilization?
hCG
What is the function of the corpus luteum during the luteal phase of the ovary?
Secreting estrogen and progesterone
When does the corpus luteum degenerate in the menstrual cycle?
Day 25
What is the main function of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
Transforming the endometrium into secretory endometrium
How long is the oocyte viable for fertilization?
12-24 hours
What happens to estrogen and progesterone levels if fertilization does not occur?
They decrease
What is the hormone that prompts ovulation in the menstrual cycle?
LH
How long can sperm survive in the female reproductive tract?
48-72 hours
Study Notes
Female Menstrual Cycle: Physiology and Pharmacology
- The female menstrual cycle involves the uterus, cervix, endometrium, myometrium, uterine tubes, ovaries, vagina, and oogenesis.
- Oogenesis occurs within follicles, which consist of an oocyte surrounded by follicular cells.
- Primordial follicles are formed during prenatal development, but no new ones appear as the female ages.
- Follicular development involves primordial follicles, primary follicles, graffian follicles, and corpus luteum.
- Each month, multiple follicles begin maturation, but only one becomes dominant, while the others die through atresia.
- The dominant follicle produces estrogen, which inhibits FSH release and causes the endometrium to thicken.
- The menstrual cycle begins with the bleeding phase, characterized by lower levels of estrogen and progesterone.
- The follicular phase is marked by the development of follicles stimulated by FSH and LH release.
- The dominant follicle produces estrogen, leading to positive feedback on gonadotropin release and thickening of the endometrium.
- The mid-cycle surge of LH and FSH induces ovulation, with the ruptured follicle becoming a corpus luteum.
- The luteal phase is characterized by the secretion of estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin by the corpus luteum, supporting the endometrium.
- Unless pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to low levels of estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin, and the shedding of the endometrium.
Test your knowledge on the female menstrual cycle and anatomy! This quiz covers the physiology and pharmacology of the menstrual cycle, as well as a review of key anatomical structures like the uterus, cervix, and uterine tubes. Challenge yourself with questions about the dynamic changes in the endometrium, the role of the myometrium, and more. Perfect for students or anyone interested in understanding the female reproductive system in depth.
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