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Questions and Answers
Which scientist developed the idea of natural selection independently of Darwin?
Which scientist developed the idea of natural selection independently of Darwin?
- Mendel
- Wallace (correct)
- Lamarck
- Darwin
What is the term for a trait shared by different species because they both inherited it from a common ancestor?
What is the term for a trait shared by different species because they both inherited it from a common ancestor?
- Inherited trait
- Homologous trait (correct)
- Analogous trait
- Adaptive trait
Which of the following is an example of a homologous trait?
Which of the following is an example of a homologous trait?
- Eyes of a human and eyes of a fish (correct)
- Fins of a fish and flippers of a dolphin
- Legs of a spider and legs of a horse
- Wings of a bird and wings of a butterfly
What is the term for a change in allele frequencies produced by random differences in survival and reproduction?
What is the term for a change in allele frequencies produced by random differences in survival and reproduction?
What is speciation?
What is speciation?
What is a phylogeny?
What is a phylogeny?
Which two domains of life are more closely related?
Which two domains of life are more closely related?
Which term refers to changes in the frequency of genes in a population?
Which term refers to changes in the frequency of genes in a population?
Which term refers to the evolution of large-scale structures and traits that go significantly beyond the intraspecific variation found in microevolution?
Which term refers to the evolution of large-scale structures and traits that go significantly beyond the intraspecific variation found in microevolution?
What is natural selection?
What is natural selection?
What are the conditions required for natural selection to occur?
What are the conditions required for natural selection to occur?
What happens at the individual level in natural selection?
What happens at the individual level in natural selection?
What happens at the population level in natural selection?
What happens at the population level in natural selection?
Which example from the lecture demonstrates natural selection in action?
Which example from the lecture demonstrates natural selection in action?
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by having a water vascular system and radial symmetry?
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by having a water vascular system and radial symmetry?
Which major vertebrate group is warm-blooded and possesses feathers?
Which major vertebrate group is warm-blooded and possesses feathers?
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by having scales or bony plates and breathing through lungs?
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by having scales or bony plates and breathing through lungs?
Which major vertebrate group typically begins life with gills and then develops lungs?
Which major vertebrate group typically begins life with gills and then develops lungs?
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being aquatic and having gills for respiration?
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being aquatic and having gills for respiration?
What is the distinguishing feature of flatworms (Platyhelminthes)?
What is the distinguishing feature of flatworms (Platyhelminthes)?
What is the distinguishing feature of annelids?
What is the distinguishing feature of annelids?
What is the distinguishing feature of nematodes?
What is the distinguishing feature of nematodes?
What is the distinguishing feature of arthropods?
What is the distinguishing feature of arthropods?
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of bacteria?
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of bacteria?
Which of the following is a function of leaves in plants?
Which of the following is a function of leaves in plants?
Which group of plants is characterized by the presence of true roots, stems, and leaves?
Which group of plants is characterized by the presence of true roots, stems, and leaves?
What is a distinguishing feature of gymnosperms?
What is a distinguishing feature of gymnosperms?
Which of the following groups of animals lacks true tissues and organs?
Which of the following groups of animals lacks true tissues and organs?
What is a characteristic of cnidarians?
What is a characteristic of cnidarians?
What is the structure of fungi composed of?
What is the structure of fungi composed of?
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Study Notes
Evolution
- Alfred Russel Wallace developed the idea of natural selection independently of Darwin
- A trait shared by different species because they both inherited it from a common ancestor is called a homologous trait
- An example of a homologous trait is the forelimbs of vertebrates (e.g., humans, birds, whales)
- Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies produced by random differences in survival and reproduction
- Speciation is the process by which a new species emerges from an existing one
- A phylogeny is a diagram showing the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
Microevolution vs. Macroevolution
- Microevolution refers to changes in the frequency of genes in a population
- Macroevolution refers to the evolution of large-scale structures and traits that go significantly beyond the intraspecific variation found in microevolution
Natural Selection
- Natural selection is the process by which organisms with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Conditions required for natural selection to occur: variation in population, heritability, differential reproduction, and adaptation to environment
- At the individual level, natural selection leads to increased reproductive success of individuals with advantageous traits
- At the population level, natural selection leads to a change in the frequency of alleles in the population
Vertebrates
- Echinoderms (e.g., starfish, sea urchins) are characterized by having a water vascular system and radial symmetry
- Birds are warm-blooded and possess feathers
- Reptiles are characterized by having scales or bony plates and breathing through lungs
- Amphibians typically begin life with gills and then develop lungs
- Fish are characterized by being aquatic and having gills for respiration
Invertebrates
- Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are characterized by having a flat, Bilaterally symmetrical body
- Annelids (segmented worms) are characterized by having a segmented body
- Nematodes are characterized by having a long, unsegmented body
- Arthropods are characterized by having jointed appendages and a hard exoskeleton
Microorganisms
- Bacteria are characterized by their lack of membrane-bound organelles
Plants
- Leaves are responsible for photosynthesis
- Plants with true roots, stems, and leaves are characterized as vascular plants
- Gymnosperms are characterized by producing seeds but not fruits or flowers
Fungi
- Fungi are characterized by having a mycelium, a mass of branching hyphae
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