30 Questions
Which of the following is a reason for using pacemakers?
To improve ventricular preload and cardiac output
What is the normal duration of the P-R interval in an EKG?
200 msec
Which of the following is a pathology that may require a pacemaker?
All of the above
What is the purpose of atrial kick?
To improve ventricular preload and cardiac output
What is the frequency of a heart rate of 60 BPM?
1 Hz
Which of the following is the primary purpose of a pacemaker?
To maintain an adequate heart rate
Which type of pacemaker is used in patients with a reliable sinus node, but with an AV-block?
VDD
Which type of pacemaker records both atrial and ventricular rates and can pace either chamber when needed?
DDD
What does voltage measure in a pacemaker?
The potential of the electrons to do work
Which type of pacemaker is used when there is a lot of electrocautery interference?
VOO
What does current measure in a pacemaker?
The flow of electrons in metal
What is the purpose of sensing voltage in a pacemaker?
To measure the voltage produced by the heart
Which type of pacemaker is used in patients with Complete Heart Block?
VVI
What is the significance of Arne Larsson in pacemaker history?
He was the first human to receive an implanted pacemaker
Which type of pacemaker is used to resynchronize the ventricles in a severely weakened heart?
Triple-Chamber Pacemakers
Which type of pacemaker discharges steadily, regardless of the heart's natural electrical activity?
Fixed-rate pacemakers
What is the primary purpose of Implantable Cardioverter / Defibrillators (ICDs)?
To prevent sudden death from cardiac arrest due to tachycardia
What is the difference between defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion?
Defibrillation is used for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), while synchronized cardioversion is used for atrial arrhythmias
What is the purpose of applying an alternating current in AC defibrillation?
To cause simultaneous contraction of all cardiac cells
Which type of defibrillator requires the application of high voltage over a short time period to deliver the appropriate energy?
DC defibrillators
Which of the following is an indication for synchronized cardioversion?
Atrial fibrillation
What is the recommended timing for delivering the shock in synchronized cardioversion?
30 msec after the peak R wave
Which rhythm is commonly seen before termination of CPB when the heart does not initiate normal SA node activity?
Atrial fibrillation
What type of rhythm is depicted in the ECG tracing labeled 'Pacemaker NonCapture'?
Pacemaker malfunction
What is the purpose of using a pacemaker in the context of rhythm management?
To synchronize atrial and ventricular activity
Which of the following components of a pacemaker is responsible for delivering electrical impulses from the pulse generator to the heart?
Leads
What is the direction of the electrical current in a battery?
From the positive terminal to the negative terminal
Which type of pacemaker leads have the ground close to the source (same wire) and are favored for sensing and specificity of pacing?
Bipolar Leads
What is the purpose of steroid-eluting pacing electrodes in pacemakers?
To minimize inflammation
What is the minimum stimulation needed to pace the ventricle called?
Threshold
Test your knowledge on the different types of permanent pacemakers used to treat A-V Block and Complete Heart Block. Learn about the pulse generator, surgically implanted options, and the programming process before implantation. Explore the various leads and their anchoring techniques to the endocardium. Take this quiz to enhance your understanding of permanent pacemakers.
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