Mastering Permanent Pacemakers

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a reason for using pacemakers?

  • To evaluate EKG pacemaker strips
  • To improve ventricular preload and cardiac output (correct)
  • To manage infected pacemakers
  • To prevent potential disaster during cardiac surgery

What is the normal duration of the P-R interval in an EKG?

  • 400 msec
  • 60 BPM
  • 200 msec (correct)
  • 1000 msec

Which of the following is a pathology that may require a pacemaker?

  • Sinus node dysfunction
  • Acquired atrioventricular heart block
  • Prolonged PR interval
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the purpose of atrial kick?

<p>To improve ventricular preload and cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of a heart rate of 60 BPM?

<p>1 Hz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary purpose of a pacemaker?

<p>To maintain an adequate heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pacemaker is used in patients with a reliable sinus node, but with an AV-block?

<p>VDD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pacemaker records both atrial and ventricular rates and can pace either chamber when needed?

<p>DDD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does voltage measure in a pacemaker?

<p>The potential of the electrons to do work (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pacemaker is used when there is a lot of electrocautery interference?

<p>VOO (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does current measure in a pacemaker?

<p>The flow of electrons in metal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sensing voltage in a pacemaker?

<p>To measure the voltage produced by the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pacemaker is used in patients with Complete Heart Block?

<p>VVI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Arne Larsson in pacemaker history?

<p>He was the first human to receive an implanted pacemaker (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pacemaker is used to resynchronize the ventricles in a severely weakened heart?

<p>Triple-Chamber Pacemakers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pacemaker discharges steadily, regardless of the heart's natural electrical activity?

<p>Fixed-rate pacemakers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Implantable Cardioverter / Defibrillators (ICDs)?

<p>To prevent sudden death from cardiac arrest due to tachycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion?

<p>Defibrillation is used for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), while synchronized cardioversion is used for atrial arrhythmias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying an alternating current in AC defibrillation?

<p>To cause simultaneous contraction of all cardiac cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of defibrillator requires the application of high voltage over a short time period to deliver the appropriate energy?

<p>DC defibrillators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication for synchronized cardioversion?

<p>Atrial fibrillation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timing for delivering the shock in synchronized cardioversion?

<p>30 msec after the peak R wave (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rhythm is commonly seen before termination of CPB when the heart does not initiate normal SA node activity?

<p>Atrial fibrillation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rhythm is depicted in the ECG tracing labeled 'Pacemaker NonCapture'?

<p>Pacemaker malfunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a pacemaker in the context of rhythm management?

<p>To synchronize atrial and ventricular activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of a pacemaker is responsible for delivering electrical impulses from the pulse generator to the heart?

<p>Leads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the electrical current in a battery?

<p>From the positive terminal to the negative terminal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pacemaker leads have the ground close to the source (same wire) and are favored for sensing and specificity of pacing?

<p>Bipolar Leads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of steroid-eluting pacing electrodes in pacemakers?

<p>To minimize inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum stimulation needed to pace the ventricle called?

<p>Threshold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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