Mastering Permanent Pacemakers
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a reason for using pacemakers?

  • To evaluate EKG pacemaker strips
  • To improve ventricular preload and cardiac output (correct)
  • To manage infected pacemakers
  • To prevent potential disaster during cardiac surgery
  • What is the normal duration of the P-R interval in an EKG?

  • 400 msec
  • 60 BPM
  • 200 msec (correct)
  • 1000 msec
  • Which of the following is a pathology that may require a pacemaker?

  • Sinus node dysfunction
  • Acquired atrioventricular heart block
  • Prolonged PR interval
  • All of the above (correct)
  • What is the purpose of atrial kick?

    <p>To improve ventricular preload and cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of a heart rate of 60 BPM?

    <p>1 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary purpose of a pacemaker?

    <p>To maintain an adequate heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pacemaker is used in patients with a reliable sinus node, but with an AV-block?

    <p>VDD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pacemaker records both atrial and ventricular rates and can pace either chamber when needed?

    <p>DDD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does voltage measure in a pacemaker?

    <p>The potential of the electrons to do work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pacemaker is used when there is a lot of electrocautery interference?

    <p>VOO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does current measure in a pacemaker?

    <p>The flow of electrons in metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sensing voltage in a pacemaker?

    <p>To measure the voltage produced by the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pacemaker is used in patients with Complete Heart Block?

    <p>VVI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Arne Larsson in pacemaker history?

    <p>He was the first human to receive an implanted pacemaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pacemaker is used to resynchronize the ventricles in a severely weakened heart?

    <p>Triple-Chamber Pacemakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pacemaker discharges steadily, regardless of the heart's natural electrical activity?

    <p>Fixed-rate pacemakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Implantable Cardioverter / Defibrillators (ICDs)?

    <p>To prevent sudden death from cardiac arrest due to tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion?

    <p>Defibrillation is used for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), while synchronized cardioversion is used for atrial arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying an alternating current in AC defibrillation?

    <p>To cause simultaneous contraction of all cardiac cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of defibrillator requires the application of high voltage over a short time period to deliver the appropriate energy?

    <p>DC defibrillators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication for synchronized cardioversion?

    <p>Atrial fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timing for delivering the shock in synchronized cardioversion?

    <p>30 msec after the peak R wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rhythm is commonly seen before termination of CPB when the heart does not initiate normal SA node activity?

    <p>Atrial fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rhythm is depicted in the ECG tracing labeled 'Pacemaker NonCapture'?

    <p>Pacemaker malfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a pacemaker in the context of rhythm management?

    <p>To synchronize atrial and ventricular activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of a pacemaker is responsible for delivering electrical impulses from the pulse generator to the heart?

    <p>Leads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the electrical current in a battery?

    <p>From the positive terminal to the negative terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pacemaker leads have the ground close to the source (same wire) and are favored for sensing and specificity of pacing?

    <p>Bipolar Leads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of steroid-eluting pacing electrodes in pacemakers?

    <p>To minimize inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum stimulation needed to pace the ventricle called?

    <p>Threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

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