Week 4.2 IRM

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True or false: Homoscedasticity refers to an even distribution/variance across the correlation line.

True

True or false: Heteroscedasticity refers to an uneven distribution/variance across the correlation line.

True

True or false: Homoscedasticity is a common assumption for parametric statistical models.

True

True or false: Homoscedasticity is the assumption that there is an uneven distribution/variance across the correlation line.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Heteroscedasticity refers to a homogeneity of variance.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Levene's test is commonly used to test for homoscedasticity.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes homoscedasticity?

Refers to an even distribution/variance across the correlation line Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Levene's test?

To test for heteroscedasticity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of heteroscedasticity?

Uneven distribution/variance across the correlation line Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes homoscedasticity?

Refers to an even distribution/variance across the correlation line. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Levene's test?

To test for homoscedasticity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of heteroscedasticity?

Uneven distribution/variance across the correlation line. Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The t-test is used to compare the means of two conditions.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The t-test can be applied to both between participants and within participants designs.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: A t-test can only be done on normally distributed data.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The degrees of freedom for within-participants design is the same as the number of participants.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The degrees of freedom for between-participants design is (number of participants in group 1 - 1) + (number of participants in group 2 - 1).

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: When calculating a T-Test (Without SPSS), you assume that the null hypothesis is true and there is no significant difference between the means.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Pearson’s r?

A measure of the strength of the linear relationship between two continuous variables. Signup and view all the answers

True or false: A correlation coefficient can have a value of -2.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does a Pearson’s r value of 0 indicate?

No relationship between the variables. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a positive correlation?

As one variable increases, the other variable also increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a negative correlation?

As one variable increases, the other variable decreases Signup and view all the answers

What does the correlation coefficient (r) measure?

The strength and direction of the relationship between two variables Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a strong correlation?

The direction of the correlation Signup and view all the answers

What is the interpretation of the effect size r2?

The amount of variance explained in the outcome variance Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of hypothesis testing with correlations?

To formally test for a relation between variables Signup and view all the answers

What does a flat line in a scatterplot suggest?

No relation between the two variables Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in the text?

The correlation between Z and Y Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for not being able to establish causation based on correlation alone?

The presence of lurking variables Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of controlling for confound variables in analysis?

To balance out individual differences Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe random correlations that occur due to sampling error?

Spurious correlations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas represents the sample variance on a single variable?

$\Sigma(X-\overline{X})^2$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerator of the formula for covariance?

Sum of Products Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive sum of products and covariance indicate?

Positive relation between the variables Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative sum of products and covariance indicate?

Inverse relation between the variables Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about correlation coefficients is true?

Correlation coefficients can range from -1 to +1. Signup and view all the answers

What does a correlation coefficient of -1 indicate?

A perfect negative correlation. Signup and view all the answers

When studying things that are difficult to measure, we should expect correlation coefficients to be...

Lower. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a correlation and an experiment?

An experiment tests cause and effect, while a correlation only shows a relationship. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes correlation?

A measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of screening for outliers in a dataset?

To identify extreme values that may significantly affect the results Signup and view all the answers

What is the Spearman correlation?

A method to compute the correlation on the ranks of the data after ordering them Signup and view all the answers

What does a scatter plot indicate?

The strength and direction of the correlation between two variables Signup and view all the answers

Week 4.2 IRM

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Questions and Answers

True or false: Homoscedasticity refers to an even distribution/variance across the correlation line.

True or false: Heteroscedasticity refers to an uneven distribution/variance across the correlation line.

True or false: Homoscedasticity is a common assumption for parametric statistical models.

True or false: Homoscedasticity is the assumption that there is an uneven distribution/variance across the correlation line.

True or false: Heteroscedasticity refers to a homogeneity of variance.

True or false: Levene's test is commonly used to test for homoscedasticity.

Which of the following best describes homoscedasticity?

What is the main purpose of Levene's test?

Which of the following is a characteristic of heteroscedasticity?

Which of the following best describes homoscedasticity?

What is the main purpose of Levene's test?

Which of the following is a characteristic of heteroscedasticity?

True or false: The t-test is used to compare the means of two conditions.

True or false: The t-test can be applied to both between participants and within participants designs.

True or false: A t-test can only be done on normally distributed data.

True or false: The degrees of freedom for within-participants design is the same as the number of participants.

True or false: The degrees of freedom for between-participants design is (number of participants in group 1 - 1) + (number of participants in group 2 - 1).

True or false: When calculating a T-Test (Without SPSS), you assume that the null hypothesis is true and there is no significant difference between the means.

Which of the following best describes Pearson’s r?

True or false: A correlation coefficient can have a value of -2.

What does a Pearson’s r value of 0 indicate?

Which of the following best describes a positive correlation?

Which of the following best describes a negative correlation?

What does the correlation coefficient (r) measure?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a strong correlation?

What is the interpretation of the effect size r2?

What is the main purpose of hypothesis testing with correlations?

What does a flat line in a scatterplot suggest?

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in the text?

What is the main reason for not being able to establish causation based on correlation alone?

What is the purpose of controlling for confound variables in analysis?

What is the term used to describe random correlations that occur due to sampling error?

Which of the following formulas represents the sample variance on a single variable?

What is the numerator of the formula for covariance?

What does a positive sum of products and covariance indicate?

What does a negative sum of products and covariance indicate?

Which of the following statements about correlation coefficients is true?

What does a correlation coefficient of -1 indicate?

When studying things that are difficult to measure, we should expect correlation coefficients to be...

What is the main difference between a correlation and an experiment?

Which of the following best describes correlation?

What is the purpose of screening for outliers in a dataset?

What is the Spearman correlation?

What does a scatter plot indicate?

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