90 Questions
Which of the following is true about vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)?
VRSA has a MIC greater than or equal to 16 mg/mL
Which of the following is true about vancomycin-intermediate susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VISAs)?
VISAs are resistant to teicoplanin
Which of the following is true about coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)?
CoNS are contaminants and have limited pathogenicity
Which of the following is true about Staphylococcus saprophyticus?
S. saprophyticus causes urinary tract infections in sexually active young women
Which of the following is true about Staphylococcus epidermidis?
S. epidermidis is identified by initial colony counts
Which of the following is true about Staphylococcus lugdunensis?
S. lugdunensis causes brain abscess and meningitis
What is the purpose of the PYR disc test?
To identify Staphylococcus saprophyticus
What is the result of a positive PYR broth test?
Brilliant red-fuchsia color
What is the purpose of the Ornithine decarboxylase test?
To identify Staphylococcus aureus
What is the result of a positive Voges-Proskauer test?
Red color
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome?
Infection of the hair follicle/oil glands
What is the primary mechanism of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)?
Production of altered penicillin-binding protein
What is the function of the MRSA Screening Agar?
Differentiate between resistant and susceptible strains of MRSA
What is the purpose of the CEFINASE test?
Detect β-lactamase production
What is the procedure for the DNASE test?
Inoculate DNase agar with the test organism and incubate at 35-37°C for 13-24 hours
What is the purpose of the Double Disk Diffusion/D Zone Test?
Detect inducible clindamycin resistance
What is the purpose of the Latex Agglutination Test?
Detect clumping factor and protein A
What is the temperature range for incubating Rabbit plasma?
35-37 degrees Celsius
What is the incubation time for the DNASE test?
13-24 hours
What is the function of the Chromagar?
Detect resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Which agar is resistant to drying, heat (50C for 30 mins), and 10% NaCl?
MSA - Mannitol salt agar
Which agar is used to detect the presence of coagulase in Staphylococcus bacteria?
BAP - Blood agar plate
Which agar is incubated at 35C in a CO2 incubator, or in a candle jar if no incubator is available to produce CO2?
CAP MAC THIO
What is the alternative method for incubating media if no CO2 incubator is available?
CANDLE JAR
Which agar allows the growth of a wide variety of organisms?
Blood CS bottles
What is the function of Protein A in Staphylococcus bacteria?
Bound to cytoplasmic membrane; high affinity for the FC receptor on lgG molecules, and complement
What is the procedure for the slide coagulase test?
Bacterial colony + rabbit plasma
What is the function of Alpha toxin in Staphylococcus bacteria?
Disrupts smooth muscle in blood vessels & toxic to RBCs, WBCs, hepatocytes, platelets, macrophages
What is the function of Beta toxins in Staphylococcus bacteria?
Hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids (cell lysis)
What is the function of Delta toxin in Staphylococcus bacteria?
Nonspecific membrane toxicity to other mammalian cells (cytolytic to erythrocytes)
Which of the following toxins disrupts smooth muscle in blood vessels and is toxic to RBCs, WBCs, hepatocytes, platelets, and macrophages?
Alpha toxin
Which of the following toxins is responsible for hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and cell lysis?
Beta toxins
Which of the following toxins is cytolytic to erythrocytes and exhibits nonspecific membrane toxicity to other mammalian cells?
Delta toxin
Which of the following toxins is produced by all strains of Staphylococcus bacteria and works in association with Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)?
Gamma toxin
Which of the following toxins is toxic to white blood cells and works in conjunction with gamma toxin to cause lysis?
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)
Which of the following toxins allows proliferation of white blood cells, T-cell receptors, and antigen-presenting cells, causing a cytokine storm?
Superantigens
Which of the following toxins is heat-stable and resists boiling for 20 minutes?
Exfoliative Toxin A
Which of the following toxins is plasmid-mediated and heat-labile?
Exfoliative Toxin B
Which of the following toxins is also known as Pyrogenic Exotoxin C and is associated with toxic shock syndrome?
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1)
Which of the following toxins inhibits phagocytosis and works in conjunction with gamma toxin to cause lysis?
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)
Which test is used to detect the presence of catalase in a bacterial colony?
Catalase Test
Which enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of lipids in plasma and skin, leading to the initiation of skin infections?
Lipase
Which test is used to directly detect the presence of plasma fibrinogen and IgG in a bacterial sample?
Latex Agglutination Test
Which test is used to detect the degradation of DNA by the test organism?
DNase Test
Which test is used as a negative control in the Slide Coagulase Test?
Bacterial colony + sterile saline/water
Which test is used to detect the presence of fibrin clot and enable the spread of infection?
Fibrinolysin
Which test is used to detect the presence of hyaluronic acid hydrolysis and promote the spread of infection?
Hyaluronidase
Which test is used to detect the presence of clot formation in a bacterial sample?
Tube Coagulase Test
Which test is used to check for slower coagulase production in a bacterial sample?
Tube Coagulase Test
Which test is used to inoculate DNase agar with the test organism?
DNase Test
Which test is used to detect the presence of fibrin clot and enable the spread of infection?
Tube Coagulase Test
Which enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of lipids in plasma and skin, leading to the initiation of skin infections?
Lipase
What is the function of Delta toxin in Staphylococcus bacteria?
Hydrolysis of lipids
What is the result of a positive PYR broth test?
Presence of agglutination
Which test is used to directly detect the presence of plasma fibrinogen and IgG in a bacterial sample?
Latex Agglutination Test
Which of the following toxins is responsible for hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and cell lysis?
Alpha toxins
What is the temperature range for incubating Rabbit plasma?
35-37 degrees celsius
Which test is used to detect the presence of clot formation in a bacterial sample?
Tube Coagulase Test
Which of the following toxins is heat-stable and resists boiling for 20 minutes?
Gamma toxins
Which test is used to check for slower coagulase production in a bacterial sample?
Tube Coagulase Test
Which of the following toxins is highly immunogenic and leads to aggregation of the bacteria?
Clumping factor (A&B)
Which test is used to detect the presence of coagulase in Staphylococcus bacteria?
Slide Coagulase Test
Which of the following toxins is responsible for hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and cell lysis?
Beta toxins
Which of the following toxins allows proliferation of white blood cells, T-cell receptors, and antigen-presenting cells, causing a cytokine storm?
Superantigens
What is the purpose of the Latex Agglutination Test?
To detect the presence of plasma fibrinogen and IgG in a bacterial sample
Which of the following is true about Staphylococcus lugdunensis?
It could produce clumping factor or coagulase
Which test is used to detect the presence of fibrin clot and enable the spread of infection?
Tube Coagulase Test
What is the function of Alpha toxin in Staphylococcus bacteria?
Disrupts smooth muscle in blood vessels
Which of the following toxins is plasmid-mediated and heat-labile?
Exfoliative Toxin B
Which agar is used to detect the presence of hyaluronic acid hydrolysis and promote the spread of infection?
DNASE Agar
Which test is used to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in erythromycin-resistant strains of S. aureus?
Double Disk Diffusion/D Zone Test
What is the MIC value for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA)?
Greater than 16 mg/mL
Which of the following is a characteristic of S. aureus in blood agar and CNA?
Medium to large, raised colonies with cream to golden yellow pigmentation
Which of the following is a characteristic of S. aureus in bound coagulase?
Positive for coagulase production
Which of the following is a characteristic of S. aureus in free coagulase?
Positive for coagulase production
Which of the following is a characteristic of S. aureus in DNase?
Positive for DNase production
Which of the following is a characteristic of S. aureus in thermostable nuclease?
Positive for thermostable nuclease production
Which of the following CoNS species is isolated from humans?
S. epidermidis
Which test is used to detect the presence of catalase in a bacterial colony?
Catalase Test
Which test is used to detect the presence of coagulase in Staphylococcus bacteria?
Coagulase Test
Which of the following is a symptom of folliculitis?
Red lump that becomes more painful as it fills with pus
What is the result of a positive DNase test?
Release of methyl green and colorless area around the test organism
What is the function of ß-lactamase (Penicillinase)?
Hydrolysis and inactivation of the ß-lactam ring
What is the purpose of the MRSA Screening Agar?
Differentiates between two populations of Staphylococcus aureus (resistant or susceptible)
What is the purpose of the CEFINASE test?
Qualitative test to detect β-lactamase production
What is the function of MecC genes?
Encode for the expression of penicillin binding protein (PBP2A)
What is the function of Protein A in Staphylococcus bacteria?
Inhibit phagocytosis and bind to Fc portion of IgG antibodies
What is the purpose of the Chromagar?
Detect hyaluronic acid hydrolysis and promote the spread of infection
What is the purpose of the CEFOTOXIN DISK DIFFUSION TEST?
Detection for resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis
What is the result of a positive CEFINASE test?
Deep pink color
Test your knowledge of Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) with this quiz! Learn about the characteristics of MSA, including its role in identifying halophiles and its ability to detect hemolysis. Discover how MSA can be used to differentiate between different types of bacteria based on colony color and halo formation. Challenge yourself with questions about incubation times and resistance to drying and heat.
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